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Agrarian Society: Bihar, IndiaAgrarian Societies OverviewAgrarian Societies Cont.Slide 4GeographyIndo-Gangetic PlainPopulation and LandPopulation and Other StatisticsEconomyEconomy: AgricultureSlide 11Economy: Mineral ProductionSlide 13Economy: Attempts at IndustrializationPolityPolity (cont’d)Past PolityKinship: 3 Kinship GroupsMundasOraonsSocial Stratification: Bihar’s Caste SystemDominant Castes of BiharSlide 23Lower Castes of BiharSlide 25Most notable castes of BiharSlide 27Caste System TodayIdeology: Three Main Religions in BiharIdeology: HinduismIdeology: BuddhismIdeology: JainismEducation: HistorySlide 34EducationSlide 36Slide 37Slide 38Status of WomenPurdah SystemSlide 41Culture of Bihar: FestivalsBihar: MusicQuestion 1Question 2Question 3Question 4Question 5Works CitedAgrarian Society:Agrarian Society: Bihar, IndiaBihar, IndiaRabiya Jawahir, Nikita Peoples, Frederick Cave, Nicole McClain, John Rigdon, Kathy Herington, Stephanie Murad,Agrarian Societies OverviewAgrarian Societies OverviewBased on farming as main method of Based on farming as main method of subsistencesubsistenceUse of the plow distinguishes this type Use of the plow distinguishes this type from horticultural societiesfrom horticultural societiesAdvanced agrarian societies have Advanced agrarian societies have widespread access to iron/steel toolswidespread access to iron/steel toolsThere is significant specialization of There is significant specialization of labor in both regions and communitieslabor in both regions and communitiesAgrarian Societies Cont.Agrarian Societies Cont.There is often a governing elite that There is often a governing elite that controls both the political and the controls both the political and the economic aspects of lifeeconomic aspects of lifeTrade is increasingly importantTrade is increasingly importantNearly every society was once ruled Nearly every society was once ruled by a king or other monarchby a king or other monarchMilitary conflict is much more Military conflict is much more commoncommonAgrarian Societies Cont.Agrarian Societies Cont.Religion also plays a much more Religion also plays a much more important roleimportant roleConstruction of major architectural Construction of major architectural works is more common—specifically works is more common—specifically temples and shrinestemples and shrinesAdvancement of leisure and artsAdvancement of leisure and artsFurther stratification of the social Further stratification of the social classesclassesGeographyGeographyUpper northeast corner Upper northeast corner of India, right before it of India, right before it gets squeezed between gets squeezed between Bhutan and Bangladesh.Bhutan and Bangladesh.Many important rivers Many important rivers pass through Bihar.pass through Bihar.In the southern foothills In the southern foothills of the Himalaya of the Himalaya Mountain Range, Mountain Range, touching Nepal. touching Nepal. Bihar is the tan state within the red shape.Indo-Gangetic PlainIndo-Gangetic PlainOne of the most One of the most notable features of notable features of Bihar is its location Bihar is its location in the Indo-in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Gangetic Plain. This plain is very This plain is very fertile, making it fertile, making it ideal for an ideal for an agrarian society. agrarian society.Population and LandPopulation and LandBihar has a population of 82,878,796Bihar has a population of 82,878,796It is a majority male population(52.6%)It is a majority male population(52.6%)The total area of land is 94,163 sq. kmThe total area of land is 94,163 sq. kmThis is divided into two main regions: This is divided into two main regions: the North Ganga Plain and the South the North Ganga Plain and the South Ganga PlainGanga PlainFurther divided there are 37 districtsFurther divided there are 37 districtsCapital city is PatnaCapital city is PatnaPopulation and Other Population and Other StatisticsStatisticsPer capita income is Rs 21,696—this Per capita income is Rs 21,696—this is $538.50is $538.50Density: 880 people per sq. mileDensity: 880 people per sq. mileBirth rate: 30.9 per 1000Birth rate: 30.9 per 1000Death rate: 7.9 per 1000Death rate: 7.9 per 1000Population grew 28.4% from 1991-Population grew 28.4% from 1991-20012001EconomyEconomyBihar lags behind in the overall progress of Bihar lags behind in the overall progress of India. India. Per capita GDP: Rs. 4000 per month in Bihar Per capita GDP: Rs. 4000 per month in Bihar vs. national average of Rs.12000 per month.vs. national average of Rs.12000 per month.Nearly 10% more people living below the Nearly 10% more people living below the poverty line than the average for Indiapoverty line than the average for IndiaReasons for slow developmentReasons for slow developmentInadequate investment in infrastructure, Inadequate investment in infrastructure, irrigation, and technologyirrigation, and technologyCaste dominated politicsCaste dominated politicsEconomy: AgricultureEconomy: Agriculture2 crop seasons: 2 crop seasons: Kharif & RabiKharif & RabiMajor crops:Major crops:–RiceRice–Sugar Sugar –Tobacco Tobacco –WheatWheat–JuteJuteOther minor crops:Other minor crops:–ChilliChilli–MangoMango–Oil SeedsOil SeedsEconomy: AgricultureEconomy: AgricultureEconomy: Mineral Economy: Mineral ProductionProductionVery little due to the division of Very little due to the division of southern Bihar into the separate state southern Bihar into the separate state of Jharkhandof JharkhandMost mineral production takes place in Most mineral production takes place in JharkhandJharkhandSome Minerals ProducedSome Minerals Produced–CoalCoal–BauxiteBauxite–DolomiteDolomiteEconomy: Mineral Economy: Mineral ProductionProductionEconomy: Attempts at Economy: Attempts at IndustrializationIndustrializationOil refinery in Oil refinery in BarauniBarauniMotor scooter plant Motor scooter plant at Fatuhaat FatuhaPower plant at Power plant at MuzaffarpurMuzaffarpurNo sustained No sustained effortseffortsPolityPolityBicameral LegislatureBicameral Legislature–Upper-house Legislative CouncilUpper-house Legislative Council–Lower-house Legislative AssemblyLower-house Legislative AssemblyGovernor appointed by president of IndiaGovernor appointed by president of India–Head of stateHead of stateReal executive power rests with Chief


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UNC-Chapel Hill SOCI 111 - Agrarian Society - Bihar, India

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