Agrarian Society: Bihar, IndiaAgrarian Societies OverviewAgrarian Societies Cont.Slide 4GeographyIndo-Gangetic PlainPopulation and LandPopulation and Other StatisticsEconomyEconomy: AgricultureSlide 11Economy: Mineral ProductionSlide 13Economy: Attempts at IndustrializationPolityPolity (cont’d)Past PolityKinship: 3 Kinship GroupsMundasOraonsSocial Stratification: Bihar’s Caste SystemDominant Castes of BiharSlide 23Lower Castes of BiharSlide 25Most notable castes of BiharSlide 27Caste System TodayIdeology: Three Main Religions in BiharIdeology: HinduismIdeology: BuddhismIdeology: JainismEducation: HistorySlide 34EducationSlide 36Slide 37Slide 38Status of WomenPurdah SystemSlide 41Culture of Bihar: FestivalsBihar: MusicQuestion 1Question 2Question 3Question 4Question 5Works CitedAgrarian Society:Agrarian Society: Bihar, IndiaBihar, IndiaRabiya Jawahir, Nikita Peoples, Frederick Cave, Nicole McClain, John Rigdon, Kathy Herington, Stephanie Murad,Agrarian Societies OverviewAgrarian Societies OverviewBased on farming as main method of Based on farming as main method of subsistencesubsistenceUse of the plow distinguishes this type Use of the plow distinguishes this type from horticultural societiesfrom horticultural societiesAdvanced agrarian societies have Advanced agrarian societies have widespread access to iron/steel toolswidespread access to iron/steel toolsThere is significant specialization of There is significant specialization of labor in both regions and communitieslabor in both regions and communitiesAgrarian Societies Cont.Agrarian Societies Cont.There is often a governing elite that There is often a governing elite that controls both the political and the controls both the political and the economic aspects of lifeeconomic aspects of lifeTrade is increasingly importantTrade is increasingly importantNearly every society was once ruled Nearly every society was once ruled by a king or other monarchby a king or other monarchMilitary conflict is much more Military conflict is much more commoncommonAgrarian Societies Cont.Agrarian Societies Cont.Religion also plays a much more Religion also plays a much more important roleimportant roleConstruction of major architectural Construction of major architectural works is more common—specifically works is more common—specifically temples and shrinestemples and shrinesAdvancement of leisure and artsAdvancement of leisure and artsFurther stratification of the social Further stratification of the social classesclassesGeographyGeographyUpper northeast corner Upper northeast corner of India, right before it of India, right before it gets squeezed between gets squeezed between Bhutan and Bangladesh.Bhutan and Bangladesh.Many important rivers Many important rivers pass through Bihar.pass through Bihar.In the southern foothills In the southern foothills of the Himalaya of the Himalaya Mountain Range, Mountain Range, touching Nepal. touching Nepal. Bihar is the tan state within the red shape.Indo-Gangetic PlainIndo-Gangetic PlainOne of the most One of the most notable features of notable features of Bihar is its location Bihar is its location in the Indo-in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Gangetic Plain. This plain is very This plain is very fertile, making it fertile, making it ideal for an ideal for an agrarian society. agrarian society.Population and LandPopulation and LandBihar has a population of 82,878,796Bihar has a population of 82,878,796It is a majority male population(52.6%)It is a majority male population(52.6%)The total area of land is 94,163 sq. kmThe total area of land is 94,163 sq. kmThis is divided into two main regions: This is divided into two main regions: the North Ganga Plain and the South the North Ganga Plain and the South Ganga PlainGanga PlainFurther divided there are 37 districtsFurther divided there are 37 districtsCapital city is PatnaCapital city is PatnaPopulation and Other Population and Other StatisticsStatisticsPer capita income is Rs 21,696—this Per capita income is Rs 21,696—this is $538.50is $538.50Density: 880 people per sq. mileDensity: 880 people per sq. mileBirth rate: 30.9 per 1000Birth rate: 30.9 per 1000Death rate: 7.9 per 1000Death rate: 7.9 per 1000Population grew 28.4% from 1991-Population grew 28.4% from 1991-20012001EconomyEconomyBihar lags behind in the overall progress of Bihar lags behind in the overall progress of India. India. Per capita GDP: Rs. 4000 per month in Bihar Per capita GDP: Rs. 4000 per month in Bihar vs. national average of Rs.12000 per month.vs. national average of Rs.12000 per month.Nearly 10% more people living below the Nearly 10% more people living below the poverty line than the average for Indiapoverty line than the average for IndiaReasons for slow developmentReasons for slow developmentInadequate investment in infrastructure, Inadequate investment in infrastructure, irrigation, and technologyirrigation, and technologyCaste dominated politicsCaste dominated politicsEconomy: AgricultureEconomy: Agriculture2 crop seasons: 2 crop seasons: Kharif & RabiKharif & RabiMajor crops:Major crops:–RiceRice–Sugar Sugar –Tobacco Tobacco –WheatWheat–JuteJuteOther minor crops:Other minor crops:–ChilliChilli–MangoMango–Oil SeedsOil SeedsEconomy: AgricultureEconomy: AgricultureEconomy: Mineral Economy: Mineral ProductionProductionVery little due to the division of Very little due to the division of southern Bihar into the separate state southern Bihar into the separate state of Jharkhandof JharkhandMost mineral production takes place in Most mineral production takes place in JharkhandJharkhandSome Minerals ProducedSome Minerals Produced–CoalCoal–BauxiteBauxite–DolomiteDolomiteEconomy: Mineral Economy: Mineral ProductionProductionEconomy: Attempts at Economy: Attempts at IndustrializationIndustrializationOil refinery in Oil refinery in BarauniBarauniMotor scooter plant Motor scooter plant at Fatuhaat FatuhaPower plant at Power plant at MuzaffarpurMuzaffarpurNo sustained No sustained effortseffortsPolityPolityBicameral LegislatureBicameral Legislature–Upper-house Legislative CouncilUpper-house Legislative Council–Lower-house Legislative AssemblyLower-house Legislative AssemblyGovernor appointed by president of IndiaGovernor appointed by president of India–Head of stateHead of stateReal executive power rests with Chief
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