Seminar on English PhonologyLinguistics 696b (Spring 2005)(1) English dictionary http://www.lexicon.arizona.edu/˜hammond/newdic.html(2) bane bAn [ben]bean bEn [bin]pine pIn [payn]bone bOn [bon]pure pUr [pyur](3) penult ultima (VV) ultima (VCC)ast´onish maint´ain coll´apse´edit er´ase torm´entcons´ıder car´ouse exh´aust(4) antepenult penult (VV) penult (VCC)Am´erica ar´oma ver´andac´ınema balal´aika ag´endaasp´aragus hi´atus cons´ensus(5) If a final vowel is tense, it gets stressed: mach´ıne, cher´oot, baz´aar, bar´oque,broc´ade.(6) antepenult penult (VV) penult (VCC)b´uffalo alb´ıno comm´andobr´occoli macar´oni chi´antik´ınkajou Kik´uyu juj´ıtsu(7) The process also occurs prevocalically: various [v ´æri@s], arduous [´Arˇu@s], ar-chaism [´ArkeIzm].(8) nouns verbsh´urric`ane v´ıol`ate´anecd`ote exp´erim`entp´edigr`ee g´alliv`anthyp´oten`use r´ecogn`ıze(9) M`ınnes´ota M`and´ıngo W`ınnepes´aukeeM`attag´ansett M`usk´eegee`Alamag´ordo(10) But:´Abern`athy and L´adef`oged.1(11) penult ultima (VV) ultima (VCC) shifteds´olid supr´eme abs´urd m´anif`estfr´antic sinc´ere corr´upt r´esol`uteh´andsome sec´ure imm´ense d´erel`ıct(12) antepenult penult (VV) penult (VCC)p´ersonal anecd´otal dial´ectalmed´ıcinal sacerd´otal frat´ernalmagn´animous des´ırous mom´entouspol´ygamous polyh´edrous am´orphousv´ıgilant compl´aisant rep´ugnantm´endicant def´ıant rel´uctant(13) Strong clusters do not include a sequence of a consonant followed by a liquid:eloquent [´El@kw@nt], recalcitrant [rik´æls@tr@nt], chivalrous [ˇs´Iv@lr@s] (suffixedadjectives), algebra [ ´ælˇ@br@], vertebra [v´r"t@br@] (nouns).(14) A final consonant closes the preceding syllable, but does not attract stressto it: solid [s´Al@d], certain [s´r"t@n], frantic [fr ´ænt@k] (unsuffixed adjectives),astonish [@st´An@ˇs] edit [´Ed@t] imagine [@m´æˇ@n] (verbs).(15) SPE posits underlying geminates to accommodate penultimate stress in wordslike cerebellar [s`Er@b´Elr"], morbillous [m`orb´Il@s], medullar [m@d´2lr"] (suffixed ad-jectives), armadillo [`Arm@d´Ilo], vanilla [v@n´Il@], umbrella [`2mbr´El@] (nouns).(16) [+syl] [-syl] [+syl]hinder hindrance hinderingremember remembrance rememberedburgle burglar burglingtwinkle twinkling twinkling(17) Latinate prefixes reject stress when they are in the penult of a verb: per=mit[pr"m´It], con=cur [k@nk´r"], com=pel [k@mp´El], de=ter [d@t´r"], trans=fer [tr `ænsf´r"].(18) Minimal pairs for prefixes that have #-level analogs, e .g. resolve [riz´Alv] or[r`ıs´Alv], resort [riz´ort] or [r`ıs´ort], reserve [riz´r"v] or [r`ıs´r"v].(19) ultima antepenult ultima`ınter=s´ect c´on=stit`ute c`om=pre=h´end`ınter=j´ect ´ım=plic`ate c`on=de=sc´endc`ontra=d´ıct r´e=nov`ate2(20) two three tworh`odod´endron K`alamaz´oo Mon`ongah´ela`Oklah´oma T`atamag´oucheeC`onest´oga C`oriol´anusW`ınnepes´aukeeM`ulligat´awny(21) l´oc`ate l`oc´ation g´est`ate g`est´ationt´otal t`ot´ality m´ental m`ent´ality´ıc`on `ıc´onic f´estive f`est´ıvity(22) heavy-X light - X`ıc`onocl´astic `ıc´onocl`ast ar`ıstocr´atic ar´ıstocr`at`ant`ıcip´ation `ant´ıcip`ate dec`apit´ation dec´apit`ate`acc`eler´ation `acc´eler`ate am`algam´ation am´algam`ate`exp`erim´ental exp´erim`ent prec`ıpit´ation prec´ıpit`ate`ınv`olunt´arily `ınv´olunt`ary equ`ıvoc´ation equ´ıvoc`ate`ıns`ectic´ıdal `ıns´ectic`ıde(23) heavy - heavy heavy - lightT`ıc`onder´oga L`uxipal´ıllaSr`ır`angap´atnam H`ardecan´uteC`onst`antin´ople s`exagen´arian`Omp`ompan´oosuc h`arquebus´ıer`Antigon´ısh(24) light - light light - light light - heavyp`araphern´alia ap`othe´osis At`ascad´eroT`atamag´ouchi Am`anu´ensis Mon`ongah´elaK`alamaz´oo Ah`asu´erus Val`enci´ennesM`attamusk´eet Ap`ollin´aris Bel`uchist´anh`ullabal´oo Ep`amin´ondas Ag`esil´aus`Iphigen´ıa`Alamag´ordo`abracad´abra(25) heavy - X light - X´oxygen`ate `oxygen´ation v´ıtriol`ate v`ıtriol´ationh`ydr´ogen`ate h`ydr`ogen´ation p´eregrin`ate p`eregrin´ationm´yelin`ate m`yelin´ation v´arieg`ate v`arieg´ation´alien`ate `alien´ation v´ariol`ate v`ariol´ation´etiol`ate `etiol´ation m´elior`ate m`elior´ationt´ergivers`ate t`ergivers´ation3(26) noncyclic cyclic cyclicheavy-heavy 2 - 2 2 - 2 —T`ıc`onder´oga `ıns`ectic´ıdalheavy-light 2 - 0 2 - 2 2 - 0L`uxapal´ılla `ant`ıcip´ation `oxygen´ationlight-heavy 0 - 2 0 - 2 —Mon`ongah´ela am`algam´ationlight-light 2 - 0 / 0 - 2 0 - 2 2 - 0`abracad´abra equ`ıvoc´ation p`eregrin´ationEp`amin´ondas(27) surface inputcem´ent [s@m´Ent] semEnteell´ıpse [@l´Ips] Elipseburl´esque [br"l´Esk] bVrleskeM`ıssiss´ıppi [m`Is@s´Ipi] misisippigir´affe [ˇ@r´æf] ˇVræffeReferencesChomsky, Noam, & Morris Halle. (1968). The Sound Pattern of English. New York:Harper & Row.Hammond, Michael. (1989). Cyclic secondary stresses in English. In WCCFL, vol-ume 8, 139–153.——. (1999a). Is phonology irrelevant? Literary and Linguistic Computing 13.165–175.——. (1999b). The Phonology of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Kiparsky, Paul. (1982). Lexical morphology and phonology. In Linguistics in theMorning Calm, ed. by I.-S. Yang, 3–91. Seoul: