9 17 A Ecl 365 Muscle Worksheet 1 Name 3 function of the muscle system a Locomotion b Eating and digestion c Circulation of blood d Breathing e Communication talking touching etc 2 Types of muscle include and Describe each a Skeletal cardiac smooth i Skeletal attached to bones via tendons ii Long cylindrical fibers with alternate light and dark bands striations iii Associated with limbs respiratory system etc iv Responsible for voluntary motions v Adults cannot increase cells but can increase size b Cardiac i Striated but also branched ii Associated only with the heart iii Fast acting but involuntary iv Intercalated discs join fibers to coordinate simultaneous contraction c Smooth Muscle i Not striated associated with the digestive system blood vessels and respiratory system ii Involuntary iii Slow acting and not branched iv Spindle shaped v 3 The individual units comprising muscle are called and a bundle of these form a a fibers fascicle 4 attaches bones to muscles a tendons or connective tissue 5 join cardiac muscle fibers to coordinate simultaneous contraction a Intercalated discs 6 What type s of muscle are involuntary a Smooth cardiac 7 Muscles but cannot push Therefore they and Muscles work in a Pull contract and shorten pairs 8 What is the functional unit of the muscle a Sarcomere b From z line to z line is a sarcomere functional unit of muscle 9 What is a sarcolemma a Membrane surrounding a muscle fiber 10 Describe the types of myofilaments a Myosin myofilament thick contain the protein myosin b Actin myofilaments thin contain the protein actin 11 Describe a myofibril a Made of a series of light and dark alternating bands b Dark bands Z lines hold individual units together along the myofibril c From z line to z line is a sarcomere functional unit of muscle 12 What happens during muscle contraction on the cellular level a During contraction length of sarcomere is reduced b There are cross bridges between the 2 types of filaments and they slide past one another moving the z lines closer together contracting c During relaxation bridges no longer there filaments then can slide apart 13 Fill in the blanks for the structure of muscle Muscle Fascicle Fiber Myofibril Myofilament Actin Myosin 14 In reference to muscle control tension is controlled by the a Number of motor neurons recruited by the brain 15 control skeletal muscle a Motor neurons possibly nerves 16 Name an energy source for muscles a ATP adenosine triphosphate is an energy source for muscle b ADP creatine phosphate ATP creatin c If creatine phosphate is depleted muscles break down carbohydrates to get additional energy 17 What are myomers a Fish muscles arranged in segmental bands Also salamanders 18 Reptiles move by a Lateral undulations 19 Describe the muscle arrangement of birds a Fast muscle fibers make up flight muscles able to sustain long period without fatigue b Pectoral muscles proportionately largest of any vertebrate can be 25 body mass
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