Slide 1Slide 2Anthropometry (Science of measuring human body)PercentilesMeasurement Methods - 1Slide 6Measurement Methods - 2Slide 8Anthropometric Data Tables NASA Anthropometric Source Book (1978)Slide 10Slide 11Anthropometric ModelsCOMBIMAN (Computerized Biomechanical Man Model)SAMMIE (System for Aiding Man-Machine Interaction Modeling)Transom JackSAFEWORKRAMSISManneQuinProIE 5531IE 553 Engineering of Human WorkDr. Andris FreivaldsClass #5IE 5532IE 553 Engineering of Human WorkDr. Andris FreivaldsClass #5IE 5533Anthropometry(Science of measuring human body)•Why? Problems:•Large variability•Correlation poor•Measurements–Static/dynamic–Soft tissue–Pin joints–Many linksIE 5534Percentiles•kth percentile is a value such that k% of the data are at or below this value•5th/95th per → 1.645•2.5th/97.5th → 1.96•μ ± zsIE 5535Measurement Methods - 11) Link lengths•Structural distances•Joint rotation centers•Functional ranges•Anthropometer•PhotographyIE 5536Measurement Methods - 12) Mass and volume•Mass = vol x dens•Fluid immersion1IE 5537Measurement Methods - 23) Center of mass•Cadavers on pins•Fluid immersion•Moments (next pg)4) Moment of inertia•Pendulum•Fluid immersion, incremental volumes•Radius of gyrationIE 5538Center of Mass1) Static equilibrium2) Sum of moments3) ∑Parts = WholeIE 5539Anthropometric Data TablesNASA Anthropometric Source Book (1978)IE 55310Relative Link Lengths (Roebuck, et al. 1975)IE 55311Relative Center of MassIE 55312Anthropometric Models•BOEMAN – Boeing Man (1970)•Cockpit design•Links lj, angles αi, ROM•Task reference, initial posture•Task end point, then iterate•Resulting posture αi•Optimum posture α’i•Physiological cost C = ∑(αi- α’i)2•Minimize CIE 55313COMBIMAN(Computerized Biomechanical Man Model)•U.S.Air Force (Kroemer,1972)•Cockpit design•Static, with CAD•Anthropometric size•Strength for controls•Reach capability•Fit limitations•Visual accessibilityhttp://www.manningaffordability.com/S&tweb/HEResource/Tool/Detdesc/Det_COMBI.htmIE 55314SAMMIE(System for Aiding Man-Machine Interaction Modeling)•U.Nottingham(Case,1976)•Anthropometric sizes•3D model•18 joints, 21 links•Anthropometric fit - visually•Field of vision–direct–mirrors •Postural comforthttp://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/cd/docs_dandt/research/ergonomics/sammie/home.htmIE 55315Transom Jack•U.Penn/U.S.Army/Transom/UGS (Badler,1985)•3D images and animation•Low back spinal forces•NIOSH lifting eq.•Metabolic energy•Static strength predictions•Reach envelopes•Seating accommodation •Field of visionhttp://www.manningaffordability.com/S&tweb/HEResource/Tool/Detdesc/Det_TRANS.htmIE 55316SAFEWORK•Genicom/DELMIA(1980s)•Anthropometry (SAE)•Postural analysis •RULA•NIOSH lifting eq.•MTM (std. time)•Energy Expenditure•Max Weight Limithttp://www.safework.com/delmia/delmia_sw.htmlIE 55317RAMSIS•Human Solutions(GmbH,1986)•Reach envelopes•Field of vision•Animation•OWAS •NIOSH lifting eq.•Burandt-Schultetus eq.http://www.human-solutions.com/automotive_industry/ramsis_empower_en.phpIE 55318ManneQuinPro•BCA/NexGen Ergo.(1983)•Anthropometry (11 pop)•Articulation and ROM•Reach-envelopes•Field of vision cones•NIOSH lifting eq.•Joint forces and torques•2D, 3D static,
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