BIOM 121 1nd Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 8 11 Lecture 8 February 18 Industrial Boom in the North Describe the scale of the expansion What were the causes of the boom What were the leading industries Scale of the expansion People in urban areas experience the highest level of impact as people moved from rural places to urban to fill factory jobs It was the fastest urban growth in history What were the causes of the boom Civil war war materials were bought and sold the war created new billionaires Federal Government subsidized big businesses Natural Resources coal timber cotton tobacco and iron came in from south and west Ample labor All of the labor meant low wages immigrants and people who moved from rural to urban were filling the jobs Free trade with US a one time tax was all a good needed to cross the country What were the leading industries Steel production went from 70 000 tons in 1870 to 4 2 million tons in 1890 Petroleum went from 3 2 million barrels in 1870 to 22 million barrels in 1890 Lecture 9 February 20 Explain Social Darwinism Why was organized labor difficult to start Describe the Knights of Labor Describe the American Federation of Labor Social Darwinism Based off of Darwin s idea of the survival of the fittest put into a social sense as it applies to business Life is a constant struggle within which those best adapted to the world around them will succeed It was beneficial because the competitiveness allowed for big businesses to succeed more and more while it weeded out the weaker business Successful business men saw this as advancing society The side effects however were that Social Darwinists were against labor unions because they treat all the workers the same and the business men want to allow people to compete for things money was the incentive to do that Paying the employees the same rewards the slow employees and discourages the fast employees Social Darwinists were also against government regulation because it protects the weak Difficulties in starting the organized labor movement The labor movement was subdivided into the ethnic groups For example an Irishman would not join a labor union with an Englishmen Big business opposed labor unions and sometimes acted in ways to prevent the unions Immigrants believed in the American Dream and saw the labor unions as giving up Knights of Labor This union mostly consisted of blue collar men however they allowed anyone to join Their goal was to reform society through arbitration They lost membership because their results were too slow American Federation of Labor A group of unions of skilled workers only Their goal was higher wages shorter work weeks and better working environments They went about obtaining those goals by strikes boycotts and occasional violence They promoted the tax bracket the more you make the more you pay The AFL is still in place today Lecture 10 February 25 Define expansion and imperialism What were the causes of expansion Who was William Seward Describe the Midway annexation Describe the Hawaii revolution and Hawaii annexation Describe the Samoa agreement Expansion Expansion argued Social Darwinism and the White Man s Burden The belief that God s favorite people were northern European whites and American whites He expects the white man to help the less fortunate as if it were their duty Imperialism Imperialism is essentially the basis for expansion it is the policy of extending a country s power and influence through diplomacy or military force Causes of expansion Loss of the American frontier The west coast became more important as they became gateways to the Pacific Basin Americans were fighting each other they wanted a foreign adventure as a distraction With all of the economic growth the US thought they needed a more continuous market in reality they did not produce as much as they thought William Seward The secretary of state wanted to buy Alaska to take advantage of its natural resources timber fur bearing animals rich fishing grounds and to eliminate a potential rival Russia from the US Seward believe that the Civil War made the US a world power Midway Annexation In 1867 Midway island was annexed to the US and later became a very important military outpost during WWII Hawaiian Revolution and Annexation The monarchy under Queen Lilioukalani was overthrown when American missionaries and sugar planters arrived and were met with hostility The Hawaiian Americans played a coo on the queen and then asked to the US to be annexed Once McKinley was in office Hawaii joined the US Samoa Agreement Both the Germans and the British were interested in Samoa because it had one of the best ports of the Pacific and was a good stop before Asia pre Panama Canal In 1899 the British navy was called away from Samoa and the Germans and Americans took the opportunity to split it Lecture 4 January 28 Cuban revolution Guerilla warfare Describe the Teller Amendment What were the causes of the Spanish American war Who were the Rough Riders Explain the Treaty of Paris Describe the Platt Amendment What was the significance of the war The Cuban Revolution Cuba tried to rebel from Spain multiple times but would always be crushed Concentration camps were made to control enemies but they just lead to disease and infuriated Cubans more Guerilla warfare A fighting tactic using small groups that executed hit and runs and ambushes What was the Teller Amendment It amended the declaration of war with Spain said that the US s only intention was to free Cuba and not to occupy or take it What were the causes of the war Yellow Journalism when newspapers like the New York World and the New York Journal would send reporters to Cuba to report on activity there but they exaggerated scandals and violence to manipulate the public s opinion De Lome letter A Spanish ambassador to the US wrote a letter that was stolen by a Cuban spy The letter said that McKinley was a weaker president influenced by public opinion Sinking of the USS Maine while it was visiting Havana to intimidate the Spanish it was blown up and 300 sailors were killed The conclusion was made that the ship was sabotaged Who were the Rough Riders Teddy Roosevelt got permission to raise a regiment cavalry and capture San Juan Hill He recruited ex convicts Ivy League athletes Native Americans and southwestern sharpshooters The Treaty of Paris The treaty stated that Spain recognizes Cuba s independence and that the Philippines Guam and Puerto Rico were transferred to