GEOG1710 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Previous Lecture I Earth s Crust II Tectonic Processes Outline of Current Lecture I II III Properties of Water Global Hydrologic Cycle Water Current Lecture Unique Properties of Water 1 Exists as gas liquid and solid a Polarity dipole has two poles b Opposites attract c Hydrogen bonding d Universal solvent 2 Water is rarely pure a Because it is such a good solvent b CO2 dissolves in water c Average pH rain water is between 5 and 6 3 Has a high specific heat a Takes longer to heat up 4 Below 4 degrees Celsius water expands as it freezes Hydrogen Bonding Creates surface tension Causes capillarity o Upward movement of water against gravity through plants Explains why raindrops are spherical not tear shaped Hydrosphere These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute All water on earth 97 of all water is in the ocean saltine 3 is fresh water of that 3 70 is frozen 30 is ground water Global Hydrologic Cycle 1 Evaporation a Ocean absorbs sunlight ocean warms b Evaporation of liquid water to water vapor storing heat c Most evaporation occurs over the ocean 2 Cloud Formation water vapor cooling condensation a Tiny moisture droplets b Condenses around particles in atmosphere c Collide and coalesce 3 Precipitation a Most precipitation falls over the ocean but some falls over the land 4 Surface subsurface flow a Some evaporates from land back to atmosphere b Some runs off overland into streams lakes and rivers returns to ocean c Some infiltrates into soil d Some percolates deep into soil rock to become groundwater returns to oceans 5 Transpiration plant sweat a Water taken up by plant roots changes to vapor and released to the atmosphere through leaf stomata against the force of gravity 6 Infiltration and Percolation a Infiltration is movement of water into soil b Percolation is movement of water within soil matrix c Water table limit between the zone of aeration and saturation d Aquifer rock structure permeable to and holds groundwater The Trinity River watershed Where does the water come from The five main reservoirs o Lewisville o Grapevine o Ray Hubbard o Tawakoni o Ray Roberts All built after 1950s drought Where does water go at household level 1 is watering the lawn Toilets Bathing Laundry and dishes Drinking and cooking Water a critical resource 80 is agricultural Budget concept Actual Evapotranspiration AET Actual amount of water evaporation and transpired to the atmosphere Depends on amount precipitation climate amount of water in soil potential for evaporation Potential evaporation Amount of water that can evaporate if there is constant supply of soil moisture Correlates with temperature
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