Chapter ElevenAddressing and Name ResolutionSlide 3Slide 4Network ClassesSlide 6SubnettingSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12GatewaysSlide 14Network Address Translation (NAT)Sockets and PortsSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Host Names and Domain Name System (DNS)Domain NamesSlide 22Host FilesSlide 24Domain Name System (DNS)Slide 26Configuring DNSSlide 28DNS Name SpaceSlide 30Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)Slide 32Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)DHCP Leasing ProcessTerminating a DHCP LeaseWindows Internet Naming Service (WINS)Slide 37Addressing in IPv6Slide 39Slide 40Review of TCP/IP SubprotocolsReverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) and Post Office Protocol (POP)Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)Additional Features of IMAP4Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)Slide 47Network Time Protocol (NTP)TCP/IP TroubleshootingARPPacket Internet Groper (PING)Slide 52NetstatNbstatNslookupTracerouteIpconfigWinipcfgSlide 59IfconfigInternet ServicesWorld Wide WebE-mail and File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) and GopherNewsgroups and E-commerceVoice Over IP (VoIP)Voice Over IP (VoIP): Phone-to-PhoneVoice Over IP (VoIP): PC-to-PhoneVoice Over IP (VoIP): PC-to-PCChapter SummarySlide 71Slide 72Chapter ElevenChapter ElevenNetworking with TCP/IP Networking with TCP/IP and the Internetand the InternetAddressing and Name Addressing and Name ResolutionResolutionIP AddressingIP AddressingAn IP address is 32 bits in sizeAn IP address is 32 bits in sizeEvery IP address is grouped into four 8-bit Every IP address is grouped into four 8-bit octetsoctetsOctets are separated by decimal pointsOctets are separated by decimal pointsValid octet numbers range from 0 to 255 and Valid octet numbers range from 0 to 255 and represent a binary addressrepresent a binary addressAddressing and Name Addressing and Name ResolutionResolutionIP Addressing (cont.)IP Addressing (cont.)Each address consists of two parts: network Each address consists of two parts: network and hostand hostThe network portion of an address indicates The network portion of an address indicates whether the device belongs to a Class A, B, whether the device belongs to a Class A, B, C, D, or E networkC, D, or E networkSome octet number are reserved for special Some octet number are reserved for special functionsfunctionsAddressing and Name Addressing and Name ResolutionResolutionStatic addressStatic addressIP address that is manually assigned to a deviceIP address that is manually assigned to a deviceDynamic addressDynamic addressIP address that is assigned to a device through IP address that is assigned to a device through DHCPDHCPDotted decimal notationDotted decimal notation““Shorthand” convention used to represent IP Shorthand” convention used to represent IP addresses and make them more easily readable addresses and make them more easily readable by peopleby peopleNetwork ClassesNetwork ClassesFigure 11-1: IP addresses and their classesNetwork ClassesNetwork ClassesMulticastingMulticastingAllows one device to send data to a specific group of Allows one device to send data to a specific group of devices (not the entire network segment)devices (not the entire network segment)New addressing scheme is being developedNew addressing scheme is being developedIP version 6 (IPV6)IP version 6 (IPV6) will incorporate this new scheme will incorporate this new schemeTABLE 11-1 Three commonly used classes of TCP/IP networksSubnettingSubnettingProcess of subdividing a single class of network into Process of subdividing a single class of network into multiple, smaller networksmultiple, smaller networksFigure 11-2: IP address before and after subnetsSubnettingSubnettingExtended network prefixExtended network prefixThe combination of an address’s network and The combination of an address’s network and subnet informationsubnet information Subnet maskSubnet maskSpecial 32-bit number that, when combined Special 32-bit number that, when combined with a device’s IP address, informs the rest of with a device’s IP address, informs the rest of the network about the network class to which the network about the network class to which the device is onthe device is onSubnettingSubnettingFigure 11-3: Subnetted IP address and its subnet maskSubnettingSubnettingFigure 11-4: Subnetted network connected to the InternetSubnettingSubnettingFigure 11-5: Network with several subnetsSubnettingSubnettingFigure 11-6: Data traveling over subnetsGatewaysGatewaysCombination of software and hardware that Combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to enable two different network segments to exchange dataexchange dataEvery device on a TCP/IP-based network has a Every device on a TCP/IP-based network has a defaultdefault gatewaygatewayFirst interprets its outbound requests to other subnets First interprets its outbound requests to other subnets and then interprets its inbound requests from other and then interprets its inbound requests from other subnetssubnetsCore GatewaysCore GatewaysGateways that make up the Internet backboneGateways that make up the Internet backboneGatewaysGatewaysFigure 11-7: Use of default gatewaysNetwork Address Translation (NAT)Network Address Translation (NAT)Technique in Technique in which IP which IP addresses addresses are assigned are assigned a public IP a public IP address by address by an IP an IP gatewaygatewayFigure 11-8: NAT through an IP gatewaySockets and PortsSockets and PortsSocketSocketLogical address assigned to a specific Logical address assigned to a specific process running on a host computerprocess running on a host computerThe socket’s address combines the host The socket’s address combines the host computer’s IP address with the computer’s IP address with the port numberport number associated with a processassociated with a processPort numbers in the range of 0 to 1023 are Port numbers in the range of 0 to 1023 are called called well-known portswell-known portsSockets and PortsSockets and PortsTable 11-2a: Commonly used TCP/IP port numbersSockets and PortsSockets and PortsTable 11-2b: Commonly used TCP/IP port numbers (cont.)Sockets and PortsSockets and PortsFigure 11-9: Virtual circuit for the Telnet serviceHost Names and Domain Name Host Names and Domain Name System (DNS)System (DNS)Host nameHost nameSymbolic name that describes a TCP/IP Symbolic name