MeshPhysicsGeometrySimulation and Verification of Laminar Pipe Flows57:020 Intermediate Mechanics of FluidsCFD PRELAB 1First input the refinement ratio you will use for the “coarse”, “medium”, and “fine” meshes.“Monitor location” is used to specify the locations for line monitors (verification of axial velocity profile) and will NOT be used in this PreLab.ExercisesSimulation and Verification of Laminar Pipe Flows 57:020 Intermediate Mechanics of Fluids CFD PRELAB 1By Tao Xing and Fred Stern1. Purpose The Purpose of CFD PreLab 1 is to teach students how to use the CFD educational interface (FlowLab 1.2), be familiar with the options in each step of CFD Process, and relate simulation results to AFD concepts. Students will simulate laminar pipe flow following “CFD process” by an interactive step-by-step approach. Students will have “hands-on” experiences using FlowLab to compute axial velocityprofile, centerline velocity, and friction factor on three different meshes (Verification). Students will compare simulation results with AFD data, analyze the differences and possible numerical errors, and present results in Lab report.Flow Chart for ISTUE Teaching Module for Pipe flow (red color illustrates the options you willuse in this CFD PreLab 1)2. Simulation Design1CoarseMediumFineAutomaticManualStructuredUnstruct-uredGeometryGeometryparametersPhysicsMeshTotal pressuredropPost-processingWall friction forceSelect GeometryCenterline VelocityCenterline PressureDistri.Profiles of Axial VelocityContoursVectorsStreamlinesPipeSudden ExpansionDiffuserNozzleXY plotValidationVerificationOwn geometry BoundaryConditionsFlow PropertiesViscousModelsOne Eq.Two Eq.Density and viscosityLaminarTurbulentInviscidSAk-ek-wHeat Transfer?Compress-ible?InitialConditionsSolveIterations/StepsConverge-ntLimitPrecisionsSingleDoubleNumerical Schemes1st orderupwind 2nd order upwindQuickSteady/Unsteady?ReportIn EFD Lab 2, you have conducted experimental study for turbulent pipe flow. The data you have measured will be used for CFD Lab 1. In CFD PreLab 1, simulation will be conducted only for laminar pipe flows, i.e. the inlet velocity (or Reynolds number) will be less than that for turbulent pipeflows. Comparisons between CFD and AFD can be conducted. The problem to be solved is that of laminar/turbulent flows through a circular pipe. Reynolds numberis 655 for laminar pipe flow, based on pipe diameter. Since the flow is axisymmetric we only need to solve the flow in a single plane from the centerline tothe pipe wall. Boundary conditions need to be specified for inlet, outlet, wall, and axis, as describedlater. Uniform flow was specified at inlet, the flow will reach the fully developed regions after a certaindistance downstream. No-slip boundary condition will be used for the wall and constant pressure foroutlet. Symmetric boundary condition will be applied on the axis. Since the flow is laminar, turbulencemodels are not necessary. Analytical solutions (AFD) for Laminar Pipe Flow will be provided by TA of this Lab.3. CFD ProcessStep 1: (Geometry)1. Radius of pipe (0.02619 m)2. Length of pipe (7.62 m) Click <<Create>>, after you see the pipe geometry created, click <<Next>>.Step 2: (Physics)OutletInletSymmetry AxisPipe Wall21. With or without Heat Transfer?Since we are dealing only with the flow and not with the thermal aspects of the flow like heat transferetc, switch the <<heat transfer >> button off, which is the default setup.2. Incompressible or compressibleChoose “Incompressible”, which is the default setup.3. Flow Propertiesuse the values shown in the above figure. Input the values and click <<OK>>4. Viscous Model In CFD PreLab 1, Choose laminar model and click <<OK>>. 35. Boundary ConditionsAt “Inlet”, we use zero gradient for pressure and fix the velocity to be 0.2m/s.At “Axis”, FlowLab use zero gradient for axial velocity and Pressure and specify the magnitude forradial velocity to be zero. Read all the values and click <<OK>>At “Outlet”, FlowLab uses magnitude for pressure and zero gradients for axial and radial velocities.Input “0” for the Gauge pressure and click <<OK>>At “Wall”, no-slip boundary conditions are fixed for both axial and radial velocity, gradient forpressure is zero. Read the panel and click <<OK>>6. Initial ConditionsUse the following setup for initial conditions.4After specifying all the above parameters, click <<compute>> button and FlowLab will automaticallycalculate the Reynolds number based on the inlet velocity and pipe diameter you input. Click the<<next>>, this takes you to the next step, “Mesh”. Step 3: (Mesh)For CFD PreLab 1, “Structured” meshes will be generated using either “Automatic” or “Manual”generations (see exercises at the end of this document for details). NR and NX is the number ofintervals in axial and radial directions. For “Automatic” generation, just choose the mesh density:“coarse”, “medium” or “fine”, and click <<Create>>, FlowLab will automatically create the meshyou required and display the grid information NR, NX. For manually generation, you should firstchoose the “Manual” button, and then the following panel will be shown:5Choose “Uniform” distribution for both axial and radial directions and use the appropriate numbers required in the exercise notes, click <<Create>> for NR, NX and Mesh, then the mesh will be generated and displayed in the window.NOTE.: NR and NX are the number of intervals in each direction, as required by Flowlab. Therefore, remember to subtract 1 from the number of grid points when typing NX or NR (‘n’ points define ‘n-1’ intervals) Step 4: (Solve)6The flow is steady, so turn on the “Steady” option and turn off the “Unsteady” option. Specify the iteration number and convergence limit to be 10000 and 10-6 respectively. Use 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 for radial profile x/D positions and choose “Double precision” with “2nd order upwind scheme”. Use “New” calculation for this Lab. Then click <<iterate>> and FlowLab will begin the calculation, whenever you see the window, “Solution Converged”. Click <<OK>>.The iterative history of residuals for continuity equation and X and Y momentum equations will be shown automatically. (NOTE: By now, you have to hit the XY plot tab in the menu bar twice (at bottom of screen) to bring up the Residual Plot