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SKIDMORE PS 306 - PS 306 Exam 2

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ID# Exam 2 PS 306, Spring 2003As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect. Read each question carefully and answer itcompletely. Show all your work. In order to ensure that you complete the exam on time, allocateabout one minute per point on the exam. Good Luck!1. Yael is always quick to spot confounds in which a repeated measures design is not properlycounterbalanced. Using a specific example that you create, illustrate why it is a confound toconduct a repeated measures experiment in which you use the same order for all participants. Beas explicit as you can. Then tell me what impact counterbalancing will have on the variability ofscores within a condition if there are order or carryover effects. [10 pts]2. For the following designs, tell me exactly how many participants would be needed. [15 pts]a. In a 3x4 completely between (independent groups) design with n = 20.b. In a 3x7 completely within (repeated measures) design with a minimum n of 25.c. In a 3x6 completely within (repeated measures) design with a minimum n of 30.d. In a 4x4 mixed design, with the first factor between (independent groups) and the secondfactor within (repeated measures). Assume a minimum n of 25.e. In a 5x7 mixed design, with the first factor between (independent groups) and the secondfactor within (repeated measures). Assume a minimum n of 20.3. Suppose that you are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of different teaching techniques(e.g., Method A, Method B). What are two possible ways to avoid confounding teacher andtechnique? Which way seems most effective to you and why? [5 pts]4. Dr. Alucard has a total of 60 bats at his disposal, 30 male and 30 female. He is interested intesting the effectiveness of a drug (Hearmore) that claims to permanently improve auditoryabilities. To test the effectiveness of the drug, Dr. Alucard has decided to use a maze that mustbe traversed by the bats in total darkness, using only their sonar abilities. After training the batsto fly from one end of the maze to the other to obtain food, Dr. Alucard wants to use fourdifferent diameter wires (.25, .5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) to construct the mazes through which the batsmust fly. Each maze is constructed by stringing the wires of a particular diameter from floor toceiling. (Think of the kitten video at the beginning of the semester.) Dr. Alucard intends for eachbat to fly through each of the mazes as a means of assessing auditory discrimination abilities.Dr. Alucard decides that the best dependent variable to use is the number of times that a battouches one of the wires in the maze. Thus, more touches indicate worse auditory discrimination.As Dr. Alucard’s research assistant, you are expected to complete the design of this study, basedon the rough ideas that Dr. Alucard has established. Do so now, providing explicit detail aboutexactly how you would administer this experiment (nature of the design, procedure, etc.). [20pts]5. As you may recall, Schacter has studied the number of speech fillers (“um,” “ah,” etc.) foundin the speech of faculty from different areas under different circumstances. Suppose that he hadlooked at faculty from 4 different departments (English, History, Chemistry, and Biology).Suppose, also, that he had looked at the number of fillers found in 3 different social situations(Classroom Lecture, Conference Lecture (to peers), and Party situation), sampled over a 30-minute period in each situation. He might have found data that would lead to a source table suchas that seen below. Complete the source table and interpret the results from this study ascompletely as you can. [10 pts]5 2.200 1.304 .5835 5.600 2.074 .9275 12.000 5.148 2.3025 11.800 6.380 2.8535 10.800 2.168 .9705 8.400 1.140 .5105 12.200 4.147 1.8555 17.000 3.464 1.5495 22.600 2.074 .9275 19.800 4.207 1.8815 22.400 2.702 1.2085 20.000 2.000 .894Count Mean Std. Dev. Std. Err.Classroom, BiologyClassroom, ChemistryClassroom, EnglishClassroom, HistoryConference, BiologyConference, ChemistryConference, EnglishConference, HistoryParty, BiologyParty, ChemistryParty, EnglishParty, HistoryMeans Table for Speech FillersEffect: Situation * Discipline6. Dr. Alphonse Dente studies taste perception. In a recent study, he was interested in studyingthe impact of amount of salt added to a tomato sauce on ratings of the quality of the gustatoryexperience. He used three levels of salt (1 tablespoon per quart, 2 tablespoons per quart, and 3tablespoons per quart). Other than the level of salt, the composition of the tomato sauce wasidentical. An equal amount of one sauce with one of the three salt levels was poured overspaghetti and served to each participant. Because Dr. Dente thought that the accompanyingbeverage might have an impact on the ratings of the food quality, one third of the participants foreach level of salt consumed a beer along with their spaghetti, one third of the participantsconsumed a glass of wine, and one third of the participants consumed a glass of water. Thedependent variable was a rating by each participant of the overall quality of the spaghetti using a9-pt rating scale (1 = not so good and 9 = great). Complete the source table below and interpretthe results of this study as completely as you can. [10 pts]5 8.000 .707 .3165 6.000 .707 .3165 8.200 .837 .3745 7.400 .548 .2455 4.200 .837 .3745 7.200 .837 .3745 5.000 1.000 .4475 2.200 .837 .3745 4.800 .837 .374Count Mean Std. Dev. Std. Err.1, Beer1, Water1, Wine2, Beer2, Water2, Wine3, Beer3, Water3, WineMeans Table for RatingEffect: Salt *


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