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MIT AST 101 - Exam #2 Review

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Astronomy 101, Exam #2 ReviewName___________________________________________________________________No notes, No books; You can use calculatorsc = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 metersh = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kgG = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kgg = 9.8 m/s2radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 mσ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-41 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m 1) Why were the first images from the Hubble Space Telescope blurry?A) The gyroscopes were faulty.B) The mirror was too flat at the edges.C) The lenses were too thick.D) The telescope was too hot.E) The telescope was too heavy.2) If it is 400o Celsius, what is the temperature in Kelvin?A) 27.15 KelvinB) 136.85 KelvinC) 573.15 KelvinD) 883.15 KelvinE) 673.15 Kelvin3) From a measurement in the laboratory, we know that a particular spectral line formed by hydrogen appears at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. The spectrum of a particular star shows the same hydrogen line appearing at a wavelength of 485.7nm. What can we conclude from this observation? A) The star is getting hotter. B) The star must be very distant. C) The star is getting colder. D) The star is moving away from us. E) The star is moving toward us.Astronomy 101, Exam #2 Review4) An infrared photon has a frequency of 1 x 1013 Hz. What is the wavelength of thisphoton?A) 3 x 10-5 metersB) 6.626 x 10-21 meters C) 3 x 108 meters D) 6.626 x 10-6 meters E) 3 x 1021 meters5) As the wavelengths of photons of light increase, their …A) Frequencies increase and their energies increaseB) Frequencies decrease and their energies increaseC) Frequencies decrease and their energies decreaseD) Frequencies increase and their energies stay the sameE) Frequencies stay the same and their energies stay the same 6) Which of the following objects has the most kinetic energy? A) A 10 kg mass moving at 1 km/s. B) A 2 kg mass moving at 2 km/s. C) A 2 kg mass moving at 5 km/s. D) A 5 kg mass moving at 2 km/s. E) A 3 kg mass moving at 3 km/s.7) Why was the newly discovered ring around Saturn discovered with a satellite that could measure infrared light and not with a satellite that could measure visible light?A) no satellites that could measure visible light are currently in spaceB) the particles in the rings are so cold that they are brighter in the infrared than in the visibleC) visible light can’t penetrate the Earth’s atmosphereD) visible light can’t travel through dustE) infrared light has a much longer frequency than visible light so it is easier to detect in spaceAstronomy 101, Exam #2 Review8) You heat a black ball from a temperature of 400 Kelvin to a temperature of 800 Kelvin.Which of these statements is true?A) Twice as much energy per second is emitted by the hotter body.B) Four times as much energy per second is emitted by the hotter body.C) Eight times as much energy per second is emitted by the hotter body.D) Sixteen times as much energy per second is emitted by the hotter body.E) Three hundred times as much energy per second is emitted by the hotter body.9) The nucleus of an atom may contain … A) neutrons and electrons. B) protons and neutrons. C) ions. D) protons and electrons. E) neutrinos and electrons10) What is the frequency of a photon of light if the wavelength is 1 x 105 meters?A) 1 x 1016 HertzB) 3 x 1016 Hertz C) 3 x 1013 Hertz D) 9 x 1010 Hertz E) 3 x 103 Hertz11) Kinetic energy is usually given in units of …A) NewtonsB) JoulesC) KilogramsD) HertzE) Gauss12) You take an image of the sky. On the image, a star has an apparent magnitude of +8,a main-belt asteroid has an apparent magnitude of +6, a Kuiper Belt Object has anapparent magnitude of +17, a Trojan asteroid has an apparent magnitude of +14, andPluto has an apparent magnitude of +15. Which object is brightest in the sky?A) The starB) The main-belt asteroidC) The Kuiper Belt ObjectD) The Trojan asteroidE) PlutoAstronomy 101, Exam #2 ReviewAstronomy 101, Exam #2 Review13) Which is not a real advantage of a space-based telescope compared to an Earth-basedtelescope?A) It can be open 24 hours and 7 days of week B) The space-based telescope is closer to the objects it studies.C) You do not have to worry about distorting effects of atmosphere D) There is no extra background of light due to scattering of light in the Earth’s atmosphere.E) You can observe in more wavelength regions14) Why are gamma-ray telescopes located in space and not on the surface of the Earth?A) Gamma rays are dangerous to humans.B) Gamma rays cannot penetrate the Earth’s atmosphereC) Gamma rays tend to make the telescope radioactiveD) Gamma rays penetrate deep into the groundE) Gamma rays do not interact with silicon properly on the surface of the Earth15) Somebody says that a spectrum of a star appears redshifted. What is happening to thestar?A) The star is getting hotterB) The star is getting colderC) The star is moving towards you.D) The star is moving away from youE) The star is getting larger16) A star is 10 light years from Earth. The star is moved so it is 5 light years from Earth.How will the apparent brightness of the star change?A) The apparent brightness will not changeB) The apparent brightness will become twice as bright.C) The apparent brightness will become four times as brightD) The apparent brightness will become eight times as bright.E) The apparent brightness will become sixteen times as bright.17) Different elements always have different numbers of …A) NeutronsB) ProtonsC) IsotopesD) NeuronsE) NeutrinosAstronomy 101, Exam #2 Review18) One gram of uranium is completely turned into energy. How much energy isproduced?A) 9 x 1016 JoulesB) 3 x 1016 JoulesC) 9 x 1013 JoulesD) 3 x 1016 JoulesE) 1 x 1016 Joules19) Put these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from shortest wavelength tolongest wavelength:Shortest  Longest wavelengthA) Gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared, visible, radioB) Gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radioC) X-ray, gamma-ray, ultraviolet,


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MIT AST 101 - Exam #2 Review

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