BAKERSFIELD COLLEGELICENSED VOCATIONAL NURSING PROGRAM1ST SEMESTER FUNDAMENTALSCRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING PRACTICECHAPTER 15 - CRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING PRACTICEINTRODUCTIONClinical decision making is a judgment that includes critical and reflective thinking and action and application of scientific and practical logic. Critical thinking is an active, organized, cognitive process used to carefully examine an issue. Critical thinking is central to professional nursing practice because it allows you to test and refine nursing approaches, to learn from failures, and to apply new knowledge.OBJECTIVESUpon completion of this unit, the student will be able to:A. 1. Describe characteristics of a critical thinker.2. Discuss the nurse’s responsibility in making clinical decisions.3. Discuss how reflection improves a nurse’s practice.4. Describe the components of a critical thinking model for clinical decision making.5. Discuss critical thinking skills used in nursing practice.6. Explain the relationship between clinical experience and critical thinking.7. Discuss the relationship of the nursing process to critical thinking.ASSIGNMENTA. Read Chapter 15 - Potter & Perry – and Review QuestionsB. Key terms and review questions at the end of Chapter 15C. Study Guide for Chapter 15 Chapter 15 Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice Clinical Decision in Nursing Practice Clinical decision-making skills separate professional nurses from technical and ancillary staff. Clients have problems for which no textbook answers exist. Nurses need to seek knowledge, act quickly, and make sound clinical decisions. Critical Thinking Defined Chaffee (2002) An active, organized, cognitive process used to carefully examine one’s thinking and the thinking of others Settersten and Lauer (2004) Recognizing an issue exists, analyzing information, evaluating information, and making conclusions Thinking and Learning Learning is a lifelong process. Intellectual and emotional growth involves learning new knowledge, as well as refining the ability to think, solve problems, and make judgments.  Levels of Critical Thinking Kataoka-Yahiro and Saylor (1994) Critical Thinking Model Basic critical thinking Complex critical thinking Commitment Critical Thinking Competencies Critical Thinking Model for Decision Making Models serve to explain concepts and help nurses make decisions and judgments about patients.  Kataoka-Yahiro and Saylor (1994) Define the outcome of critical thinking as nursing judgment that is relevant to nursing problems in a variety of settings. Five Components of Critical Thinking Knowledge base Experience Nursing process competencies Attitudes  Standards Developing Critical Thinking Skills Reflective journaling A tool used to clarify concepts through reflection by thinking back or recalling situations Concept mapping A visual representation of client problems and interventions that illustratesan interrelationship Critical Thinking Synthesis A reasoning process used to reflect on and analyze thoughts, actions, and knowledge Requires a desire to grow intellectually Requires the use of nursing process to make nursing care