Java™ Remote Method Invocation SpecificationTable of ContentsIntroduction1.1 Overview1.2 System GoalsJava Distributed Object Model2.1 Definition of Terms2.2 The Distributed and Nondistributed Models Cont...2.3 RMI Interfaces and Classes2.3.1 The Remote Interface2.3.2 The RemoteException Class2.3.3 The RemoteObject Class and its Subclasses2.4 Implementing a Remote Interface2.5 Type Equivalency of Remote Objects with Local ...2.6 Parameter Passing in Remote Method Invocation2.6.1 Passing Nonremote Objects2.6.2 Passing Remote Objects2.7 Exception Handling in Remote Method Invocation...2.8 Object Methods Overridden by the RemoteObject ...2.8.1 equals and hashCode2.8.2 toString2.8.3 clone2.8.4 finalize2.9 The Semantics of Object Methods Declared final...2.10 Locating Remote ObjectsSystem Architecture3.1 Overview3.2 Architectural Overview3.3 The Stub/Skeleton Layer3.4 The Remote Reference Layer3.5 The Transport Layer3.6 Thread Usage in Remote Method Invocations3.7 Garbage Collection of Remote Objects3.8 Dynamic Class Loading3.8.1 How a Class Loader is Chosen3.8.2 Bootstrapping the Client3.9 Security3.10 Configuration Scenarios3.10.1 Servers3.10.2 Applets3.10.3 Applications3.11 RMI Through Firewalls Via Proxies3.11.1 How an RMI Call is Packaged within the HTTP...3.11.2 The Default Socket Factory3.11.3 Configuring the Client3.11.4 Configuring the Server3.11.5 Performance Issues and LimitationsClient Interfaces4.1 The Remote Interface4.2 The RemoteException Class4.3 The Naming ClassServer Interfaces5.1 The RemoteObject Class5.2 The RemoteServer Class5.3 The UnicastRemoteObject Class5.3.1 Constructing a New Remote Object5.3.2 Exporting an Implementation Not Extended Fro...5.4 The Unreferenced Interface5.5 The RMISecurityManager Class5.6 The RMIClassLoader Class5.7 The LoaderHandler Interface5.8 The RMISocketFactory Class5.9 The RMIFailureHandler Interface5.10 The LogStream Class5.11 Stub and Skeleton CompilerRegistry Interfaces6.1 The Registry Interface6.2 The LocateRegistry Class6.3 The RegistryHandler InterfaceStub/Skeleton Interfaces7.1 The RemoteStub Class7.2 The RemoteCall Interface7.3 The RemoteRef Interface7.4 The ServerRef Interface7.5 The Skeleton Interface7.6 The Operation ClassGarbage Collector Interfaces8.1 The Interface DGC8.2 The Lease Class8.3 The ObjID Class8.4 The UID Class8.5 The VMID ClassRMI Wire Protocol9.1 Overview9.2 RMI Transport Protocol9.2.1 Format of an Output Stream9.2.2 Format of an Input Stream9.3 RMI’s Use of Object Serialization Protocol9.4 RMI’s Use of HTTP POST Protocol9.5 Application Specific Values for RMI9.6 RMI’s Multiplexing Protocol9.6.1 Definitions9.6.2 Connection State and Flow Control9.6.3 Protocol FormatExceptions In RMIA.1 Exceptions During Remote Object ExportA.2 Exceptions During RMI CallA.3 Exceptions or Errors During ReturnA.3.1 Possible Causes of java.rmi.ServerExceptionA.4 Naming ExceptionsA.5 Other ExceptionsProperties In RMIB.1 Server PropertiesB.2 Other PropertiesJava™ Remote Method InvocationSpecificationJava™ Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is a distributed object model for the Javalanguage that retains the semantics of the Java object model, making distributedobjects easy to implement and to use. The system combines aspects of the Modula-3 Network Objects system and Spring’s subcontract and includes some novelfeatures made possible by Java. The RMI system is easily extensible andmaintainable.Revision 1.4, JDK 1.1 FCS, February 10, 1997Copyright 1996 and 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-1100 U.S.A.All rights reserved. Copyright in this document is owned by Sun Microsystems, Inc.Sun Microsystems, Inc. (SUN) hereby grants to you a fully-paid, nonexclusive, nontransferable, perpetual,worldwide limited license (without the right to sublicense) under SUN's intellectual property rights that areessential to practice this specification. This license allows and is limited to the creation and distribution of cleanroom implementations of this specification that (i) include a complete implementation of the current version ofthis specification without subsetting or supersetting, (ii) implement all the interfaces and functionality of thestandard java.* packages as defined by SUN, without subsetting or supersetting, (iii) do not add any additionalpackages, classes or methods to the java.* packages (iv) pass all test suites relating to the most recent publishedversion of this specification that are available from SUN six (6) months prior to any beta release of the cleanroom implementation or upgrade thereto, (v) do not derive from SUN source code or binary materials, and (vi)do not include any SUN binary materials without an appropriate and separate license from SUN.RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGENDUse, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g)(2)(6/87)and FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-1(a).TRADEMARKSSun, the Sun logo, Sun Microsystems, JavaBeans, JDK, Java, HotJava, the Java Coffee Cup logo, Java Work-Shop, Visual Java, Solaris, NEO, Joe, Netra, NFS, ONC, ONC+, OpenWindows, PC-NFS, SNM, SunNet Man-ager, Solaris sunburst design, Solstice, SunCore, SolarNet, SunWeb, Sun Workstation, The Network Is TheComputer, ToolTalk, Ultra, Ultracomputing, Ultraserver, Where The Network Is Going, Sun WorkShop,XView, Java WorkShop, the Java Coffee Cup logo, and Visual Java are trademarks or registered trademarks ofSun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries.UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed throughX/Open Company, Ltd. 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