PSYC 1101 1st EditionExam # 2 Study GuideFirst and foremost; READ THE CHAPTERS 5-8Developmental psychology- examines our physical, cognitive, and social development across the life span, with a focus on three major issues:1. Nature and nurture2. Continuity and stages3. Stability and ChangeMake sure to understand the different parts of prenatal development-zygote-embryo-fetus*Teratogens- agents such as viruses and drugs, can damage an embryo or fetusINFANCY AND CHILDHOOD-Maturation- the orderly sequence of biological growth—decrees many of our commonalities Includes the rapid development of the cerebellum at the back of the brain—creates our readiness to learn to walk at 1Be familiar with John Piaget!!What type of theorist was he?Also know the stages of cognitive developmentLev Vygotsky- Emphasized how the childs mind grows through interaction with the physical environment, he emphasized how the childs mind grown through interaction with the social environment -What is attachment?How does that relate to authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles?MORAL DEVELOPMENT-Lawrence Kohlegerg proposed that moral reasoning guides moral actionsMoral reasoning- the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrongKnow Eric Erickson’s psycho social stages!DEFINE -cross sectional-longitudinalSensation and perception-know the definition and processes involvedWhat transforms stimulus energies into neural impulses?-sensory adaptation-sensory receptorsWhat are the names of the five senses; taste, and smell etcYoung Helmholtz theory- receptors do color magic in terms of three(red, green, and blue)Understand;-observational learningWho was the first person to study this?-Classical conditioning-extinction-generalization-discriminationReinforcement --- increasesPunishment -> decreasesKnow the schedules of reinforcement Fixed and variableUnderstand intrinsic and extrinsic motivation KNOW THE STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF MEMORY -recall-recognition-relearning-Atkins modelIconic memory- a fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuliEchoic memory- a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli, if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds What is mnemonics?-Know the problems with the left and right hypocample