PSYC 1101 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide First and foremost READ THE CHAPTERS 5 8 Developmental psychology examines our physical cognitive and social development across the life span with a focus on three major issues 1 Nature and nurture 2 Continuity and stages 3 Stability and Change Make sure to understand the different parts of prenatal development zygote embryo fetus Teratogens agents such as viruses and drugs can damage an embryo or fetus INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD Maturation the orderly sequence of biological growth decrees many of our commonalities Includes the rapid development of the cerebellum at the back of the brain creates our readiness to learn to walk at 1 Be familiar with John Piaget What type of theorist was he Also know the stages of cognitive development Lev Vygotsky Emphasized how the childs mind grows through interaction with the physical environment he emphasized how the childs mind grown through interaction with the social environment What is attachment How does that relate to authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles MORAL DEVELOPMENT Lawrence Kohlegerg proposed that moral reasoning guides moral actions Moral reasoning the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong Know Eric Erickson s psycho social stages DEFINE cross sectional longitudinal Sensation and perception know the definition and processes involved What transforms stimulus energies into neural impulses sensory adaptation sensory receptors What are the names of the five senses taste and smell etc Young Helmholtz theory receptors do color magic in terms of three red green and blue Understand observational learning Who was the first person to study this Classical conditioning extinction generalization discrimination Reinforcement increases Punishment decreases Know the schedules of reinforcement Fixed and variable Understand intrinsic and extrinsic motivation KNOW THE STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF MEMORY recall recognition relearning Atkins model Iconic memory a fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli Echoic memory a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds What is mnemonics Know the problems with the left and right hypocample damage