PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 417.177MANAGINGMANAGING DATA DATA RESOURCESRESOURCESChapter7.2File Organization Terms and Concepts•Bit:Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1) Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1)•Byte:Byte: Group of bits that represents a single Group of bits that represents a single charactercharacter•Field:Field: Group of words or a complete number Group of words or a complete numberEssentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT7.3•Record:Record: Group of related fieldsGroup of related fields•File:File: Group of records of same typeGroup of records of same type•Database:Database: Group of related filesGroup of related filesEssentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesFile Organization Terms and ConceptsORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT7.4Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesData Hierarchy in a Computer SystemFigure 7-1ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT7.5•Entity:Entity: Person, place, thing, event about Person, place, thing, event about which information is maintainedwhich information is maintained•Attribute:Attribute: Description of a particular entity Description of a particular entity•Key field:Key field: Identifier field used to retrieve, Identifier field used to retrieve, update, sort a recordupdate, sort a recordEssentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesFile Organization Terms and ConceptsORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT7.6Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesFigure 7-2Entitities and AttributesORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT7.7ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT•Data redundancyData redundancy•Program-Data dependenceProgram-Data dependence•Lack of flexibilityLack of flexibility•Poor securityPoor security•Lack of data-sharing and availabilityLack of data-sharing and availabilityEssentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesProblems with the Traditional File Environment7.8Traditional File ProcessingFigure 7-3Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT7.9The Contemporary Database EnvironmentFigure 7-4Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesTHE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT7.10Components of DBMS•Data definition language: Data definition language: Specifies Specifies content and structure of database and content and structure of database and defines each data elementdefines each data element•Data manipulation language:Data manipulation language:Manipulates data in a databaseManipulates data in a database•Data dictionary:Data dictionary: Stores definitions of Stores definitions of data elements, and data characteristicsdata elements, and data characteristicsEssentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesTHE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT7.11Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesSample Data Dictionary ReportTHE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENTFigure 7-57.12Types of Databases•Relational DBMSRelational DBMS•Hierarchical and Network DBMSHierarchical and Network DBMS•Object-Oriented DatabasesObject-Oriented DatabasesEssentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesTHE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT7.13Relational DBMSEssentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data Resources•Represents data as two-dimensional tables Represents data as two-dimensional tables called relationscalled relations•Relates data across tables based on common Relates data across tables based on common data elementdata element•Examples: DB2, Oracle, MS SQL ServerExamples: DB2, Oracle, MS SQL ServerTHE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT7.14Figure 7-6Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesRelational Data ModelTHE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT7.15Three Basic Operations in a Relational DatabaseEssentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data Resources•Select:Select: Creates subset of rows that meet Creates subset of rows that meet specific criteriaspecific criteria•Join:Join: Combines relational tables to provide Combines relational tables to provide users with informationusers with information•Project:Project: Enables users to create new tables Enables users to create new tables containing only relevant informationcontaining only relevant informationTHE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT7.16Figure 7-7Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesChapter 7 Managing Data ResourcesTHE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENTThree Basic Operations in a Relational Database7.17Hierarchical and Network DBMSHierarchical DBMSHierarchical DBMS•Organizes data