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Cal Poly Pomona PSY 402 - Theories of Learning

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PSY402 Theories of LearningApplications of ConditioningHow a Phobia WorksSystematic DesensitizationClinical ProcedureEffectiveness of DesensitizationLimitations on DesensitizationVirtual Reality DesensitizationTreatment of WithdrawalTreatment of Immune DisordersImmune System ConditioningTreatment of Lupus & AIDSPSY402Theories of LearningFridayJanuary 24, 2003Applications of ConditioningTreatment of phobiasSystematic desensitizationTreatment of addictionsElimination of conditioned withdrawal reactionsEnhancement of drugs used to treat immune system disordersLupus, AIDSHow a Phobia WorksA phobia is an unrealistic fear.A learning experience causes fear to become associated with a neutral stimulus.Avoidance prevents extinction.The stimulus is generalized.Eventually, too many experiences must be avoided and a person’s functioning is impaired.Systematic DesensitizationWolpe applied ideas from classical conditioning to treatment of phobia.Reciprocal inhibition – an organism can only feel one emotion at a time.Mary Cover Jones – used counterconditioning to extinguish fear.Cats could be counterconditioned using food.Clinical ProcedureConstruct an anxiety hierarchy.Teach a relaxation response.Cue-controlled relaxation.Counterconditioning – pairing of relaxation with imagined feared stimuli, starting with least scary.Assessment of whether the treatment worked – interacting with the feared stimulus.Effectiveness of DesensitizationWolpe reported 90% success rate, compared to 60% for psychoanalysis.12-29 sessionsRelapse after 1-3 yrs easily treated.Works with a wide range of fears.Can also be used with anxiety disorders.Limitations on DesensitizationThe client must be able to vividly imagine the feared stimulus.10% cannot do this.Confrontation of a real rather than an imagined object is more effective.Difficult for the client to endure the anxiety associated with this.Virtual Reality DesensitizationGraded height-related stimuli presented via virtual reality were effective in treating acrophobia.Subjects were able to endure real stimuli after virtual treatment.Successful in treating spider phobia.Treatment of WithdrawalConditioned withdrawal reaction – environmental cues become associated with withdrawal stage.Exposure to cues triggers symptoms.Withdrawal motivates substance use.Extinction by exposure to environmental cues is needed.Virtual reality also used to treat addictions.Treatment of Immune DisordersLupus, AIDS are immune system disorders.Treated using drugs that either boost or suppress immune system response.Classical conditioning can be used to produce the results of such drugs without the side effects or cost.Immune System ConditioningCyclophosphamide used to induce nausea during flavor-aversion learning also immunosuppressant.The saccharin-flavored water used as a CS caused several rats to die.The drug reaction occurred without the drug – the CS evoked immune system suppression.Also works with other drugs.Treatment of Lupus & AIDSRats given saccharin paired with cyclophosphamide had slower lupus progression and lower mortality.A girl treated for lupus was able to use half as much drug when paired with a distinctive taste and smell.Sherbet paired with adrenaline enhances immune functioning for AIDS


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Cal Poly Pomona PSY 402 - Theories of Learning

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