Name Formula Ka Hydrogen Sulfate Ion HSO4- 1.2 × 10-2 Chlorous Acid HClO2 1.2 × 10-2 Monochloracetic Acid HC2H2ClO2 1.35 × 10-3 Hydrofluoric Acid HF 7.2 × 10-4 Nitrous Acid HNO2 4.0 × 10-4 Acetic Acid HC2H3O2 1.8 × 10-5 Hydrated Aluminum(III) Ion [Al(H2O)6]3+ 1.4 × 10-5 Hypochlorous Acid HOCl 3.5 × 10-8 Hydrocyanic Acid HCN 6.2 × 10-10 Ammonium Ion NH4+ 5.6 × 10-10 Phenol HOC6H5 1.6 × 10-10 Gas a b He 0.034 0.0237 Ne 0.211 0.0171 Ar 1.35 0.0322 Kr 2.32 0.0398 Xe 4.19 0.0511 H2 0.244 0.0266 N2 1.39 0.0391 O2 1.36 0.0318 Cl2 6.49 0.0562 CO2 3.59 0.0427 CH4 2.25 0.0428 Name Formula Ka1 Ka2 Ka3 Phosphoric Acid H3PO4 7.5 × 10-3 6.2 × 10-8 4.8 × 10-13 Arsenic Acid H3AsO4 5 × 10-3 8 × 10-8 6 × 10-10 Carbonic Acid* H2CO3 4.3 × 10-7 4.8 × 10-11 Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 Large 1.2 × 10-2 Sulfurous Acid H2SO3 1.5 × 10-2 1.0 × 10-7 Hydrosulfuric Acid** H2S 1.0 × 10-7 ~ 10-19 Oxalic Acid H2C2O4 6.5 × 10-2 6.1 × 10-5 Ascorbic Acid H2C6H6O6 7.9 × 10-5 1.6 × 10-12 * This is really CO2 aqueous. **The Ka2 value for H2S is quite uncertain. Its small size makes it very difficult to measure. Name Formula Ksp(25°C) Barium sulfate BaSO4 1.5 × 10-9 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 8.7 × 10-9 Calcium fluoride CaF2 4.0 × 10-11 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 1.3 × 10-6 Calcium sulfate CaSO4 6.1 × 10-5 Copper(II) sulfide CuS 8.5 × 10-45 Iron(II) carbonate FeCO3 2.1 × 10-11 Iron(II) hydroxide Fe(OH)2 1.8 × 10-15 Lead(II) chloride PbCl2 1.6 × 10-5 Lead(II) sulfate PbSO4 1.3× 10-8 Lead(II) sulfide PbS 7× 10-29 Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 1× 10-15 Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 8.9× 10-12 Silver chloride AgCl 1.6× 10-10 Silver chromate Ag2CrO4 9.0× 10-12 Silver iodide AgI 1.5× 10-16 AAAnmM VnM FFIIVMVM nRTPV totAAPP ttAnnoA RTKEave23 MRTuuave8 MRTump2 1221MMraterate MRTVNAZA2 14100.1 OHHKW HpH log OHpOH log MRTurms3 nRTnbVVnaP 2 aacbbx242 HAApKpHalog 22atm Lmol LmolFundamental Constants Acc. of gravity g sm806.9Avogadro's number NA 2316.02214 10molBohr radius a0 m1110292.5Boltzmann’s constant k KJ231038066.1e C191060218.1Electron's mass kg311010939.9Electron's charge e C191060218.1Faraday's constant F molC485,96Gas constant R or molKJ3145.8molKLatm08206.0Neutron's mass kg271067493.1Planck's constant h Js-34106.62608 Proton's mass kg27101.672623Proton's charge C19101.60218Speed of light c sm8102.9979246 Name Formula Kb Ammonia NH3 1.8 × 10-5 Methylamine CH3NH2 4.38 × 10-4 Ethylamine C2H5NH2 5.6 × 10-4 Aniline C6H5NH2 3.8× 10-10 Pyridine C5H5N 1.7 × 10-9 Volume Conversion Factors 1 L = 103 cm3 1.000 gal = 3.785×103 cm3 1.00 ft3 = 2.83×10-2 m3 1.00 qt = 9.46×102 cm3 Energy Conversion Factors 1 cal = 4.184 J 1 eV = 1.62018×10-19 J 1 eV = 96.485 kJ·mol-1 1 C·V = 1 J 1 kWh = 3.600×103 kJ 1 L·atm = 101.325 J Energy Conversion Factors 1 cal = 4.184 J 1 eV = 1.62018×10-19 J 1 eV = 96.485 kJ·mol-1 1 C·V = 1 J 1 kWh = 3.600×103 kJ 1 L·atm = 101.325 J Mass Conversion Factors 2.205 lb = 1.000 kg 1.000 lb = 453.6 g 1.000 oz = 28.35 g 1.000 ton = 907.2 kg 1 amu = 1.6605×10-27 kg Length Conversion Factors 1.094 yd = 1.000 m 0.3937 in = 1.000 cm 0.6214 mi = 1.000 km 1 Å = 10-10 m Pressure Conversion Factors 1 atm = 1.01325×105 Pa 1 atm = 760 Torr 760 mm Hg 1 atm = 14.70 psi 1 bar = 105
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