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MSU CJ 335 - Police Process

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11Police ProcessPolice ProcessDaeDae--HoonHoonKwakKwakMichigan State UniversityMichigan State UniversityCJ 335CJ 335Summer 2006Summer 20065/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006Lecture 1Lecture 1The Police Role22Outline for the lectureOutline for the lecture5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Defines the police and police agenciesDefines the police and police agencies••The myths and realities of police workThe myths and realities of police work••The factors that shape the police roleThe factors that shape the police role••The Various forms of policingThe Various forms of policing--Traditional PolicingTraditional Policing--Community PolicingCommunity Policing--ProblemProblem--oriented policingoriented policing--ZeroZero--tolerance policingtolerance policing33What is a Law Enforcement Agency?What is a Law Enforcement Agency?5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••General service law enforcement agencies regularly General service law enforcement agencies regularly engaged in: engaged in: --Preventing crimePreventing crime--Investigating crimes and apprehending criminalsInvestigating crimes and apprehending criminals--Maintaining orderMaintaining order--Providing other community servicesProviding other community services••These activities make them different from many other These activities make them different from many other government agencies (e.g., correctional agency). government agencies (e.g., correctional agency).44Who is a Police Officer?Who is a Police Officer?5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Michael Michael LipskyLipsky(1980)(1980)““StreetStreet--Level BureaucratsLevel Bureaucrats””: public service workers who : public service workers who interact directly with citizens in the course of their work, andinteract directly with citizens in the course of their work, andwho have substantial discretion in the execution of their who have substantial discretion in the execution of their work (e.g., police officer, teachers, judges, etc. )work (e.g., police officer, teachers, judges, etc. )••Police officer: APolice officer: Anonmilitary person who is employed by a nonmilitary person who is employed by a government agency for law enforcement and has the government agency for law enforcement and has the authority to use coercive forceauthority to use coercive forcewhen carrying out his or her when carrying out his or her dutiesduties. . ••Police officer is a type of peace officer (e.g., probation, Police officer is a type of peace officer (e.g., probation, parole, or correctional officer); parole, or correctional officer); aall police officers are peace ll police officers are peace officers but not vice versaofficers but not vice versa55Myths about PolicingMyths about Policing5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Police officers are Police officers are crime fighterscrime fighters..--Enforce the criminal lawEnforce the criminal law--Patrol to deter crimePatrol to deter crime--Investigate crimesInvestigate crimes--Arrest criminalsArrest criminals••But, studies have shown that about 1/3 of a patrol officerBut, studies have shown that about 1/3 of a patrol officer’’s s activities are devoted to criminal law enforcement. activities are devoted to criminal law enforcement. ••Under the era of C.O.P, police officerUnder the era of C.O.P, police officer’’s activities are getting s activities are getting broader. broader.66Sources of Sources of CrimeFighterCrimeFighterImageImage5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••EntertainmentEntertainment--Action movies (e.g., Bad Boys)Action movies (e.g., Bad Boys)--Over emphasize detective (most P.O.s assigned to patrol)Over emphasize detective (most P.O.s assigned to patrol)--Over emphasize police violence (how many shootOver emphasize police violence (how many shoot--outs?)outs?)--Violate constitutional rights of citizensViolate constitutional rights of citizens••News mediaNews media--News worthy events (especially, serious crimes)News worthy events (especially, serious crimes)••Police themselves: Police themselves: ““doing something importantdoing something important””--P.O.s boast about how many arrests they makeP.O.s boast about how many arrests they make--Depts. boast of how many arrests per year (e.g., UCR)Depts. boast of how many arrests per year (e.g., UCR)77Consequences of Consequences of CrimeFighterCrimeFighterImageImage5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Public Public ––Unrealistic ExpectationsUnrealistic Expectations--Think P.O.s are highly successful at solving crimes. Think P.O.s are highly successful at solving crimes. But, But, only 20% of Index crimes solved yearlyonly 20% of Index crimes solved yearly. . ••Dept. Dept. ––Fighting the Image or Enhancing the Image?Fighting the Image or Enhancing the Image?--Hard to run or manage PD when only one small part getsHard to run or manage PD when only one small part getsso much attention; so much attention; Ignores order maintenance, and Ignores order maintenance, and peacekeeping peacekeeping --But, most police administrators like to play up But, most police administrators like to play up crimefightingcrimefighting,,justifies their importance. justifies their importance. --Intelligent evaluation of police performance is not possibleIntelligent evaluation of police performance is not possible88Consequences of Consequences of CrimeFighterCrimeFighterImage (cont.)Image (cont.)5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Individual P.O.s Individual P.O.s ––Suffer Role ConflictSuffer Role Conflict--Internal: inconsistent job expectations Internal: inconsistent job expectations withinwithinan officeran officerWhen cop faces tasks that are inconsistent with theirexpectations about the job- External: inconsistent job expectations betweenofficer and citizenWhen a cop and citizen have different expectations99The Realities of PolicingThe Realities of Policing5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006Figure 1. Citizen Call for the ServiceFigure 1. Citizen Call for the ServiceOnly 19 % involve crime, only 2% of the total involve violent crime.Source: Eric J. Scott (1981: 28Source: Eric J. Scott (1981: 28--30)30)1010The Complexity of the Police RoleThe Complexity of the Police Role5/16/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Involve a wide variety of tasksInvolve a wide variety of taskse.g., homicide, downed utility pole, auto theft, domestic argument, drunk, noise complaint, traffic accident, andsuspicious person (Also, see the Figure 1-1 in Text (p.10)).• Vagueness of tasks (e.g.,


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