MMPI-2? (Cannot Say)Infrequency Scale (F)Slide 4Lie Scale (L)Slide 6Correction Scale (K)Slide 8VRINVRINTRINSlide 12Invalid protocolsClinical scalesScale 1 HypochondriasisScale 1 ItemsScale 2 DepressionScale 2 ItemsScale 3 HysteriaScale 3 ItemsScale 4 Psychopathic DeviateScale 4 ItemsScale 5 Masculinity-FemininityScale 5 ItemsSlide 25Scale 6 ParanoiaScale 6 ItemsScale 7 PsychasteniaScale 7 ItemsScale 8 SchizophreniaScale 8 ItemsScale 9 HypomaniaScale 9 ItemsScale 0 Social IntroversionScale 0 ItemsCode-type interpretationSupplementary ScalesA (Anxiety)A (Anxiety) ItemsR (Repression)Es (Ego Strength)MAC-R (MacAndrew Alcoholism)Content ScalesHarris Lingoes subscalesSlide 45Critical ItemsSlide 471MMPI-2William P. Wattles, Ph.D.Francis Marion University2? (Cannot Say) •Omitted items•Encourage person to complete them•Up to 10 may still be valid above that a concern. •Scales are additive.3Infrequency Scale (F)•60 items answered in the significant direction by less than 10%•High scores suggest–Not cooperating–Reading difficulty–Exaggerating–Over 90 invalid, 70-90 questionable4Infrequency Scale (F)•60 items•My sex life is satisfactory (F)•I have a cough most of the time (T)•Most anytime I would rather sit and daydream than anything else (T)5Lie Scale (L)•Minor flaws that most people are willing to acknowledge.•High scores–Resistant confused•Moderate scores–Overly moralistic•Low scores–Normal or exaggerating6Lie Scale (L)•15 items•At times I feel like swearing (F)•I do not always tell the truth (F)7Correction Scale (K)Characteristics many people prefer to deny•High Scores–Defensive, lack of insight•Moderate–Adaptive, self-reliant•Low–Fake bad, plea for help8Correction Scale (K)•30 items•Often I can’t understand why I have been so irritable and grouchy. (F)•At times my thoughts have raced ahead faster than I could speak them. (F)9VRIN•Items have similar or opposite content. •Inconsistent responding. May have answered items indiscriminately.10VRIN •67 pairs•I wake up fresh and rested most mornings•My sleep is fitful and disturbed11TRIN•Made up of pairs opposite in content.•High suggests answering all true• Low suggests answering all false12TRIN•23 pairs•My daily life is full of things that keep me interested.•I wish I could be as happy as others seem to be.13Invalid protocols•Cannot say >30•VRIN or TRIN ≥80•F or F(p) ≥100•Fb ≥ 110•L ≥ 80•K ≥ 7514Clinical scales•Scale labels can be misleading.•Labels also outdated (i.e. psychasthenia)15Scale 1 Hypochondriasis•See themselves as physically ill and seek medical explanations•Stubborn, pessimistic, narcissistic, egocentric•Unhappy, whinny16Scale 1 Items•I am troubled by attacks of nausea and vomiting (T)•I have a good appetite (F)•I wake up fresh and rested most mornings (F)•I seldom worry about my health (not on this scale or 3!)17Scale 2 Depression•Depressive symptoms, apathy, lethargy, brooding•Pessimism•Low energy18Scale 2 Items•I am easily awakened by noise (T)•I am troubled by attacks of nausea and vomiting (T)•I have never vomited blood or coughed up blood. (T)•I enjoy many different kinds of play and recreation (F)19Scale 3 Hysteria•Denial of emotional or interpersonal problems•Lack of insight•Physical symptoms as an excuse•Need for acceptance and affection•Seek simplistic, naïve, concrete solutions to problems20Scale 3 Items•I am troubled by attacks of nausea and vomiting (T)•I am almost never bothered by pains over my heart or in my chest (F)•I think a great many people exaggerate their misfortunes in order to gain sympathy and help of others. (F)21Scale 4 Psychopathic Deviate•Difficulty incorporating the values of society•Alienation and relationship problems•Authority problems•Poor tolerance for boredom•Rebellious and blaming22Scale 4 Items•I wish I could be as happy as others seem t be (T)•I have not lived the right kind of life (T)•I am easily downed in an argument (F)23Scale 5 Masculinity-Femininity•Highs scoring males: aesthetic interests, wide range of interests, passivity•Low Scoring males, often domineering and impersonal. Narrow interests lack originality24Scale 5 Items•Female–I have never engaged in any unusual sex practices (T)–I like to talk about sex (F)•Both –I enjoy reading love stories (T)–I like poetry (T)–My feelings are not easily hurt (F)•Male–I have never engaged in any unusual sex practices (F)–I like to talk about sex (T)25Scale 5 Masculinity-Femininity•High scoring females: rejection of traditional female role•Low Scoring females: stereotypically feminine interests and roles. May adopt passive, modest, constricted emotions.26Scale 6 Paranoia•Suspicious, vengeful, angry•Feels mistreated•High scores may indicate psychotic thinking27Scale 6 Items•I believe I am a condemned person (T)•I am sure I am being talked about (T)•I do not often notice my ears ringing or buzzing (F)28Scale 7 Psychastenia•Anxiety ruminative self-doubt•Psychological turmoil and discomfort•Anxious, tense, agitated29Scale 7 Items•Once a week or oftener I become very excited (T)•Life is a strain for me much of the time (T)•I like to study and read about things that I am working at. (F)•My memory seems to be all right (F)30Scale 8 Schizophrenia•Confusion, disorganization•Unusual thoughts•Alienated, misunderstood•In psychological turmoil31Scale 8 Items•I am afraid of losing my mind (T)•I am worried about sex (T)•My hands have not become clumsy or awkward. (F)•I have had no difficulty in keeping my balance in walking (F)32Scale 9 Hypomania•Manic, excessive purposeless activity•Overactive•Energetic and talkative•Risk taking, impulsive•Low scores•Low energy and activity levels33Scale 9 Items•When I get bored I like to stir up some excitement (T)•It wouldn’t make me nervous if any members of my family got into trouble with the law (T)•I am afraid when I look down from a high place (F)34Scale 0 Social Introversion•Socially introverted•Uncomfortable in group interactions•Possible Poor social skills•She, insecure•Low scores: sociable and extroverted35Scale 0 Items•I frequently have to fight against showing that I am bashful (T)•I wish I were not shy. (T)•I do not have spells of hay fever or asthma (F)•I like to flirt (F)36Code-type interpretation•Often more accurate and