1Cat’s CradleCat’s CradleIceIce--ninenineWhen ice-nine comes into contact with water, it instantly crystallizes the entire body of water into ice-nine - thus destroying the world.Brain FreezeBrain FreezeIt just might happen to you!It just might happen to you!When the cold object touches the roof of your mouth, the blood vessels contract in response in an effort to prevent loss of body heat. As the coldness recedes, the blood vessels relax again, quickly increasing blood flow to the brain. This sudden release is what causes the intense headache sensation. *especially painful if the ice cream is cooled with liquid nitrogenToddlers Found Frozen to Death After Toddlers Found Frozen to Death After Father's Drunken EscapadeFather's Drunken EscapadeThursday, January 31, 2008Thursday, January 31, 2008Canadian Mounties are investigating the deaths of two toddlers fCanadian Mounties are investigating the deaths of two toddlers found frozen to ound frozen to death on the Saskatchewan's Yellow Quill First Nations reserve edeath on the Saskatchewan's Yellow Quill First Nations reserve earlier this week, arlier this week, the National Post reported.the National Post reported.Santa Santa PauchayPauchay, 1, was found dead Tuesday afternoon and her 3, 1, was found dead Tuesday afternoon and her 3--yearyear--old sister, old sister, Cadence, was found Wednesday, both dressed in light tops and diaCadence, was found Wednesday, both dressed in light tops and diapers, according to pers, according to the newspaper.the newspaper.They were found in a snowdriftThey were found in a snowdrift--covered area of the reserve between their home and covered area of the reserve between their home and that of a neighbor's, the National Post reported.that of a neighbor's, the National Post reported.Their father, Christopher Their father, Christopher PauchayPauchay, 25, left their home with them sometime after 12:30 , 25, left their home with them sometime after 12:30 a.m. Tuesday without a coat. About 5 a.m. a.m. Tuesday without a coat. About 5 a.m. PauchayPauchayshowed up at a neighbor's door showed up at a neighbor's door covered in frost bite and not able to speak, the newspaper reporcovered in frost bite and not able to speak, the newspaper reported.ted.Eight hours later, Eight hours later, PauchayPauchayasked about his daughters, according to the Post.asked about his daughters, according to the Post.The girls' grandmother The girls' grandmother ——Pauchay'sPauchay'smother mother ——told the newspaper she believes her son told the newspaper she believes her son was taking the children to his sister's home, and that alcohol wwas taking the children to his sister's home, and that alcohol was involved.as involved."He was carrying them. But he was drinking, and he must have bla"He was carrying them. But he was drinking, and he must have blacked out," Pearl cked out," Pearl PauchayPauchaysaid. "That's what he said when we went to visit him in the hossaid. "That's what he said when we went to visit him in the hospital."pital."The Royal Canadian Mounted Police have not decided if charges wiThe Royal Canadian Mounted Police have not decided if charges will be filed against ll be filed against PauchayPauchay..http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,327225,00.htmlhttp://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,327225,00.htmlLittle Ice AgeLittle Ice Agecirca 1300circa 1300--18501850• Minor period of cooling (ΔT< 1K) following the Medieval Warm Period, possibly caused by increased volcanic activity and decreased solar activity (less sunspots) • The Little Ice Age featured glacier increases, extremely cold winters in Europe and North America, and widespread crop failures.• Possibly resulted in Icelandic population decreasing by half, the Great Famine of 1315-1317, and the failure of Norse settlements in GreenlandBLEVEBLEVEAcronym for Acronym for BBoilingoilingLLiquid iquid EExpanding xpanding VVaporaporEExplosionxplosionVideo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jnGsZ0VP0c•Can be caused by :•Excess heat that raises the pressure and causes rupture•Small rupture that lowers the pressure inside the tank causing liquid inside to become vapor faster then it can be expelled, leading to explosion2Trains collide, liquid nitrogen Trains collide, liquid nitrogen fertilzer fertilzer spilled into Mississippi riverspilled into Mississippi riverDecember 17, 2008, December 17, 2008, 5:30 a.m. two freight 5:30 a.m. two freight trains collide in trains collide in MinnesotaMinnesota26 total cars derailed, 26 total cars derailed, 31,000 gallons of liquid 31,000 gallons of liquid nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer dumpeddumpedFertilizer consisted of Fertilizer consisted of 28% liquid nitrogen28% liquid nitrogen•Liquid Nitrogen causes eutrophication(process promoting excessive plant growth and decay) in rivers, which causes:•Drinking water contamination•Increased water turbidity•Depletion of dissolved oxygen•Fish mortalityCryogenic Dewar Leak•Cryogenic dewars are often used to store chemical products which are gases at atmosphere temperature, some are noxious.(Such as chlorine can cause respiratory disease)•Liquid will vaporize in room temperature, it will affect both people and plants in large area.•In transportation and storage, leak can be extremely dangerous to people if it happens in urban place.A chlorine leak accident occurred at Nanchang, China caused 282 people hospitalized. Residents rush to safe places after leak.March 1979: Three Mile Island March 1979: Three Mile Island AccidentAccidentA nuclear reactor in A nuclear reactor in Middletown, PA almost Middletown, PA almost melted down due to a lack of melted down due to a lack of coolant.coolant.A faulty pressureA faulty pressure--relief valve relief valve was responsible for leaking was responsible for leaking cooling water from the cooling water from the reactors core.reactors core.TMI was not catastrophic. TMI was not catastrophic. The reactor Temp. was The reactor Temp. was brought down before the brought down before the reactor could breach its reactor could breach its containment. containment. Long term health effects of animals and plants exposed to radiation leaked from TMI is still debated. The Three Mile Island DisasterThe Three Mile Island DisasterThe Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station near Harrisburg Pennsylvania underwent a partial meltdown on March 28th 1979, releasing over 40,000 curies of