CHEM 1211 Test Two Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 7 12 Aqueous Solutions Electrolytes ionic compounds which are soluble in water Strong Electrolytes 100 soluble Conduct Electricity Strong Acids Bases Weak Electrolytes Partially Soluble Minimally conduct electricity Weak Acids Bases Which are strong or weak electrolytes 1 Acetic Acid HCH3CO2 2 H2SO4 3 PbCl2 KNOW THIS CHART Precipitations RXNS Soluble compound Soluble compound Insoluble compound Which are soluble insoluble 4 AgBr 5 PbSO4 6 K2S Acids and Bases electrolytes Strong Acids Fully dissociate in solutions Weak Acids Partially dissociate Strong Bases Fully dissociate Weak Bases Partially dissociate Don t accept H Metal OHAccept H ions Which are strong bases 7 RbOH 8 Sr OH 2 9 C5H5N Nomenclature of Acids Binary Acids Hydro Halo ic Acid Example Hydro Fluoric Acid Ternary Acids Remove ate and add ic acid or remove ite and add ous acid Example Carbonic Acid Amphiprotic Can be acid base depending on the rxn ALWAYS WATERR Neutralization RXNs Strong acid strong base that fully neutralize to form water and salts Gas forming RXNs FORM A GAS Oxidation Reduction RXNs REDOX LEO lose e oxidation GER gain e reduction Oxidation Numbers Group 1 1 Group 2 2 O 2 H 1 Know rules in book What are the oxidation states of the following 10 CaH2 Ca H 11 HSO4 H S O Stochiometry gA molA molB gB gB gA molA molB 12 146g of iron III oxide reacts and produces 99 8 g of iron What is the percent yield for the reaction molar masses Fe2O3 159 1 Fe 55 84 CO 28 00 Fe2O3 s 3CO g 2Fe s 3CO2 g 146g Fe2O3 1 mol Fe2O3 2 mol Fe 159 1g Fe2O3 mol Fe2O3 Yield 99 8g Fe x 100 97 4 102 48g Fe Yield Percentage Actual yield x 100 Theoretical Yield Limiting Reagent Small molar ratio Completely used Excess Reagent Larger molar ratio Some left over after RXN Molarity of moles mol volume liters Dilutions ONLY M1V1 M2V2 55 84g Fe 102 48g Fe mol Fe Theoretical Yield Exothermic Process Gives off heat Negative enthalpy H evolved given off released Endothermic Process Takes in heat Positive enthalpy absorbed consumed Heat Transfer qSystem qSurroundings 0 qSurroundings qSystem q m x C x T q heat J or KJ m mass C specific heat T change in temp As T1 As T2 T2 melting freezing point q m x Cs x T As T2 Al T2 Melting q m x Hfusion Temperature doesn t change Al T2 Al T3 T3 boiling point q m x Cliquid x T Al T3 Ag T3 q m x Hvaporization ALSO KNOW internal energy U qp W p U qp P V qp U P V ANSWERS 1 2 Weak 3 Strong 4 Neither 5 Insoluble 6 Insoluble 7 Soluble endothermic 8 Strong Base 9 Strong Base 10 Weak Acid 11 Ca 2 H 1 exothermic 12 H 1 S 6 O 2
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