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FSU CNT 4603 - Web services and email: web services

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Spring 2009Web services and email: web servicesAn important web service is simple delivery of html overhttp (hypertext transfer protocol).The current version of http in use is 1.1, defined inRFC 2616. (There was an early stab at an http 1.2, butit didn’t jell.)CNT 4603Spring 2009Netcraft surveyThe most popular webserver is the Apache webserver,with an overall 46% market share according to Netcraft’scurrent webserver survey, and powers 66% of the1,000,000 most active sites.http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web server survey.htmlApache has two current versions, 1.3 and the 2.xversions, but 1.3 is now considered a “legacy” systemand Apache now recommends:CNT 4603Spring 2009“Apache 1.3.41 is the current stable release of theApache 1.3 family. We strongly recommend that usersof all earlier versions, including 1.3 family release,upgrade to to the current 2.2 version as soon aspossible.”(http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/Announcement1.3.html)Google and qq.com have become much more prominentin the last two years on the Netcraft survey, with lighthttpddropping away this year.CNT 4603Spring 2009Security Space surveyThere is another webserver survey that uses a somewhatdifferent methodology than Netcraft at Security Spacehttp://www.securityspace.com/s survey/data/200902/index.htmlwhich you can view many different server statistics.CNT 4603Spring 2009Conversations over httpWhat does a typical conversation look like? Here’s onerequest and answer for a page:Hypertext Transfer ProtocolGET /rfcs/rfc2612.html HTTP/1.1Request Method: GETRequest URI: /rfcs/rfc2612.htmlRequest Version: HTTP/1.1Host: www.faqs.orgUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.7.12)Gecko/20060202 Red Hat/1.7.12-1.1.3.4.centos3Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5CNT 4603Spring 2009Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflateAccept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7Keep-Alive: 300Connection: keep-aliveHypertext Transfer ProtocolHTTP/1.1 200 OKRequest Version: HTTP/1.1Response Code: 200Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2006 16:26:31 GMTServer: ApacheLast-Modified: Thu, 23 Feb 2006 07:01:53 GMTETag: "5f8977-910a-43fd5de1"Accept-Ranges: bytesContent-Length: 37130Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100Connection: Keep-AliveContent-Type: text/htmlCNT 4603Spring 2009Line-based text data: text/html<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>RFC 2612 (rfc2612) - The CAST-256 Encryption Algorithm</TITLE><META name="description" content="RFC 2612 - The CAST-256 EncryptionAlgorithm"><script language="JavaScript1.2">function erfc(s){document.write("<A href="/rfccomment.php?rfcnum="+s+""target="_blank" onclick="window.open(’/rfccomment.php?rfcnum="+s+"’,’Popup’,’toolbar=no,location=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=680,height=530,left=30//--></script></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" TEXT="#000000"><P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="/images/library.jpg" HEIGHT=62 WIDTH=150 BORDER="0"ALIGN="MIDDLE" ALT=""></P>CNT 4603Spring 2009<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>RFC 2612 (RFC2612)</H1><P ALIGN=CENTER>Internet RFC/STD/FYI/BCP Archives</P><DIV ALIGN=CENTER>[ <a href="/rfcs/">RFC Index</a> | <A HREF="/rfcs/rfcsearch.html">RFC Search</A> | <a href="/faqs/">Usenet FAQs</a> | <a href="/contrib/">Web FAQs</a>| <a href="/docs/">Documents</a> | <a href="http://www.city-data.com/"<P><STRONG>Alternate Formats:</STRONG><A HREF="/ftp/rfc/rfc2612.txt">rfc2612.txt</A> |<A HREF="/ftp/rfc/pdf/rfc2612.txt.pdf">rfc2612.txt.pdf</A></DIV><p align=center><script language="JavaScript"><!--erfc("2612");// --></script></p><h3 align=center>RFC 2612 - The CAST-256 Encryption Algorithm</h3><HR SIZE=2 NOSHADE><PRE>Network Working Group C. AdamsRequest for Comments: 2612 J. GilchristCategory: Informational Entrust TechnologiesCNT 4603Spring 2009June 1999The CAST-256 Encryption AlgorithmStatus of this MemoHere’s a request and “not modified” answer for a page:Hypertext Transfer ProtocolGET /rfcs/rfc2616.html HTTP/1.1Request Method: GETRequest URI: /rfcs/rfc2616.htmlRequest Version: HTTP/1.1Host: www.faqs.orgUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.7.12)Gecko/20060202 Red Hat/1.7.12-1.1.3.4.centos3Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5CNT 4603Spring 2009Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflateAccept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7Keep-Alive: 300Connection: keep-aliveReferer: http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&q=http+protocol+rfc&btnG=SearchIf-Modified-Since: Thu, 23 Feb 2006 07:01:53 GMTIf-None-Match: ‘‘5f897b-63239-43fd5de1’’Cache-Control: max-age=0Hypertext Transfer ProtocolHTTP/1.1 304 Not ModifiedRequest Version: HTTP/1.1Response Code: 304Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2006 16:11:36 GMTServer: ApacheConnection: Keep-AliveKeep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100ETag: "5f897b-63239-43fd5de1"CNT 4603Spring 2009CNT 4603Spring 2009Encoding and chunkingWhile in theory encoding allows for any type of arbitraryencoding of the body, http level encoding in practice isused to allow a server to optimize its use of bandwidthby optionally choosing when it would like to compress orgzip a body.Chunking is almost the reverse: it instead embedsredundant information into the message body to let theclient make decisions about buffering and early renderingCNT 4603Spring 2009of data. If chunking occurs, it is usually for dynamicallygenerated data.CNT 4603Spring 2009Configuring ApacheWhere you put your configuration data varies widely;while /etc/httpd is certainly common, you also mightsee /etc/apache2 and other places. Also widely varyingis where you might find your actual html files, the“documentroot”. On Redhat machines, /var/www/htmlhas been the default directory. On OpenSuse, you wouldsee /srv/www/htdocs.The most important configuration file is httpd.confCNT 4603Spring 2009## This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/> for detailed information.# In particular, see# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html># for a discussion of each configuration directive.### Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding# what they do. They’re here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure# consult the online docs. You have been warned.## The configuration directives are grouped into three


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