Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Survey: Environmental Applications in Urban Sensingby Samori BallEEL 67884/13/2011Overview1. Introduction2. Problem Statement and Justification3. Projects4. Metrics5. Comparison6. Results7. ConclusionIntroduction•Environmental pollution is a major issue in the world today •Limited resources make it difficult to get a comprehensive view of the problem•Scientists are discovering that with the ubiquity of cell phones and other portable devices with sensors they can be used to help fill in the large gaps in the traditional studiesProblem Statement•There are many environmental smartphone apps available•Most of the apps don't have a list of common metrics for comparison•Some environmental apps may be more worthwhile than others •Some apps may be better suited for different usersThis Survey•This survey intends to create metrics for 10 smartphone apps•The 10 apps will be compared according to the metrics•A chart will be created to compare the apps •Recommendations will be made for usersProjects1. PEIR2. Common Sense, mobile sensing for community action3. Le Montre Verde City Pulse4. CO2Go5. Environmental Monitoring with Mobile Phones6. What's Invasive!7. Project BudBurst Mobile8. Bikenet9. Earphone10.Message Project Cam Mob SensPersonal Environmental Impact Report (PEIR)1. Smog Exposure (PM 2.5 particulate exposure).2. Fast food exposure.3. Carbon impact.4. Sensitive Site Impact (PM2.5 particulate impact on sensitive sites such as schools and hospitals).Personal Environmental Impact ReportCommon Sense, Mobile Sensing for Community Action1. Sensing using street sweepers2.Sensing usingHandheld Air Quality Monitors3. Measures Carbon monoxide4. Measures Nitrogen oxides5. Measures Ozone gas pollutionLe Montre Verde City Pulse1. Uses a green watch2. Measures noise levels3. Measures ozone levels4. Connects watch sensors to phone through bluetoothLe Montre Verde City PulseCO2Go1. Generate real-time CO2 emission estimation2. Uses GPS and acceleration dataEnvironmental Monitoring with Mobile Phones1. Put sensors on taxis in Accra Ghana2. Measured Carbon Monoxide3. Manual data inputWhat's Invasive!1. Locates invasive species of plants and pests2. Users sign up for an account3.Users take pictures4.Pictures uploaded with GPS coordinatesProject BudBurst Mobile1. Users sign up for an account2. Users take pictures of plants at various stages3. Date and time is sent to server with pictureBikenet1. Many sensors involved2. Measurespollution levels, allergen levels, noise levels, and roughness of the terrain3. Several ways to upload dataEarphone1. Measures noise pollution2. Minimal processing done on the phone3. Data uploaded to server with GPS coordinates4. Noise pollution map createdMessage Project Cam Mob Sens1. Measures carbon monoxide,nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide2. Uses car based, handheld and fixed sensors3. Phones create a peer to peer networkMetrics•Coordination• Capture• Transfer• Storage• Access• Analysis• Feedback• Visualization• Portability/Usability• Energy UsageCoordination1. Recruitment of participants 2. Instruction of participants3. Utilization of participantsCaptureHow effective an application is at gathering data and how hard it is on the participants.Transfer1. Method of transfer–Speed of transfer–Diversity of transferStorageStorage neededStorage on phoneStorage on serverData security and integrityAccessEase of access to data and resultsPrivacyAnalysisIn order to draw any conclusions from the data it must be analyzed. This metric determines how well the data is processed, whether that be by aggregation, processing, or some other complex algorithm performed on the data.FeedbackHow well each application gathers feedback from the users to validate the resultsVisualization1. Displays2. Graphics3. Facebook4. WebsitePortability/UsabilityThis metric concerns the bulkiness or convenience factor of the various devices used for the participatory sensingEnergy UsageThis metric determines the energy usage of the different usage schemes of the projects.ComparisonCoordination Capture Transfer Storage Access Analysis Feedback Visualization Portability/UsabilityEnergyUsagePEIRMed Cell Data ServerGoodPrivateGood Fair Good Good FairCommon SenseMed Sensor GPRS BothBadPrivateGood Fair Fair Fair FairLe MontreVerdeMedSensorBluetoothData ServerFairPrivateGood Bad Fair Good FairCO2GoLow Cell Data ServerBetterPrivateGood Bad Good Good FairMonitoring in GhanaHigh Sensor Manual DeviceBadPrivateGood Fair Fair Fair FairWhat's Invasive!Low Cell Data ServerGoodPrivateFair Good Fair Good FairProject BudBurstLow Cell Data ServerGoodPrivateFair Good Fair Good GoodBikenetHigh SensorsMultiple BothBestNot PrivFair Good Fair Bad BadEarphoneHigh Cell WiFi BothBetterPrivateGood Fair Fair Good GoodCam Mob SensMed Sensor Multiple BothBetterPrivateGood Fair Fair Good FairResultsMost Data Collected: BikenetMost Flexible: BikenetEasiest to Use: CO2GoInnovation award: Le Montre VerdeConclusion• There are many ways to implement a participatory urban sensing project for environmental use. • Tradeoffs must be made depending on the type of data needed to meet the goals of the project. • As technology develops further the tradeoffs will become less and less. • Many of these projects could benefit from the lessons learned and the techniques created by the other projects. Flexibility in a system can lead to better results, but it is offset by complexity in programming and less focus on true
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