Energy and the Environment HNRS 228 Mid-Term Exam - 1 Name: __________________ HNRS 228 – Spring 2011 Mid-Term Examination Answers 1. Neglecting air resistance, what are the forces acting on a bullet after it has left the barrel of a rifle? A The force of air acting up and gravity acting down. *B Only the force of gravity acting straight down. C There are no forces acting at this point. D All of the above are true. 2. How does the force of gravity on a ball change as a ball is thrown straight up in the air? A The force of gravity increases. B The force of gravity decreases. *C The force of gravity remains the same. D The force of gravity increases then decreases. E The force of gravity decreases then increases. 3. You read a newspaper article claiming someone invented a machine that once started, continues working without any outside energy source (perpetual motion)? A You can believe it, because it is theoretically possible. *B You should not believe it; it violates the laws of physics. 4. Does a person standing motionless in the aisle of a moving bus have kinetic energy? A Yes B No *C More information is needed to answer this question. 5. A spring clamp exerts a force on a stack of papers it is holding together. Is the spring clamp doing work on the papers? A Yes *B NoEnergy and the Environment HNRS 228 Mid-Term Exam - 2 6. A lamp bulb is rated 100 Watts. Is there a time factor included in the rating? *A Yes B No 7. What happens to the kinetic energy of a falling book when the book hits the floor? A The kinetic energy is destroyed. B The kinetic energy is converted to heat only. *C The kinetic energy is converted to heat and sound. D None of the above is true. 8. In the diagram above, a box is on a frictionless horizontal surface with forces F1 and F2 acting as shown. If the magnitude of F1 is greater ththe magnitude of F2, then the box is an A. moving at constant speed in the direction of F1 B. moving at constant speed in the direction of F2 *C. accelerating in the direction of F1 D. accelerating in the direction of F2 E. not moving at all. 9. The metric unit of a Joule (J) is a unit of A. potential energy. B. work. C. kinetic energy. *D. All of the above (A, B, and C) are measured in Joules. E. None of the above (A, B, and C) are measured in Joules.Energy and the Environment HNRS 228 Mid-Term Exam - 3 10. Which statement is true about the concept of power? A. Power is the distance over which work is done. B. Power is the time at which energy is expended. *C. Power is the work done per unit time. D. All of the above (A, B, and C) can be said about power. E. None of the above (A, B, and C) is true about power. 11. The kilowatt-hour is a unit of A. power. *B. work. C. time. D. area. E. volume. 12. Which of the following best describes the law of conservation of energy? A. Energy must not be used up faster than it is created or the supply will run out. *B. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. C. Energy is conserved because it is easily destroyed. D. Conservation is a law describing how to destroy matter. E. Energy conservation is a law recently passed by Congress. 13. At the turn of this century (2000) most energy in the United States was derived from A Coal B Wood C Natural Gas *D Oil E Nuclear Power 14. Oil use in the U.S. has always risen since 1960? A True *B FalseEnergy and the Environment HNRS 228 Mid-Term Exam - 4 15. Which of the following countries has the lowest gas taxes? A France B Germany C Spain D Japan *E USA 16. When you plug an electric fan into a power outlet, electrical energy is transformed into what type of energy? *A Mechanical B Electromagnetic C Electrical D Chemical E Thermal 17. What type of potential energy is found in a tomato? A Mechanical B Electromagnetic C Electrical *D Chemical E Geothermal 18. Oil is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants and animals which A formed on another planet billions of years ago B formed on Earth a few billion years ago C formed on Earth in the past few thousand years D died on another celestial object around 300 million years ago *E died in ancient seas on Earth around 300 million years agoEnergy and the Environment HNRS 228 Mid-Term Exam - 5 19. What is the name of a scientist who explores for oil? A oil man *B exploration geophysicist C petroleum physicist D geo-explorer E All of the above 20. Which of the following instruments is (are) used to help discover oil? A seismometers B magnetometers C electronic noses *D All of the above (A,B and C) E Only A and B above 21. What is a typical drill depth for an oil well? A Several hundred feet B 1000 feet C 2000 feet *D All of the above 22. The process by which components in a chemical mixture are separated according to their different boiling points, is called A Distillationism B Fractionation C Fractioning *D Fractional distillation E Fractional fractionating 23. Which of the following are petroleum derived products? A gasoline B kerosene C jet fuel D plastics *E All of the aboveEnergy and the Environment HNRS 228 Mid-Term Exam - 6 24. The engine with the largest possible efficiency uses a A. Brayton cycle. B. Joule cycle. *C. Carnot cycle. D. Otto cycle. E. Diesel cycle. 25. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the work Wout performed by these four heat engines. A. Wb > Wa > Wc > Wd B. Wb > Wa > Wd > Wc C. Wb > Wa > Wd = Wc D. Wd > Wa > Wb > Wc *E. Wd > Wa = Wb > Wc 26. The area enclosed within a pV curve is *A. the work done by the system during one complete cycle. B. the work done on the system during one complete cycle. C. the thermal energy change of the system during one complete cycle. D. the heat transferred out of the system during one complete cycle. E. All of the above are equivalent.Energy and the Environment HNRS 228 Mid-Term Exam - 7 27. A B C D Consider the above pV plots. By visual inspection, order the PV diagrams shown below from the most positive work done on the system to the most negative work done on the system. a) a,b,c,d *b) a,c,b,d c) d,b,c,a d) d,a,c,b 28. The maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine is determined by A. its design. B. the amount of heat that flows. C. the maximum and minimum pressure. D. the compression ratio. *E. the maximum and minimum temperature. 29. The release of energy from the Sun is accompanied by a very slight …