Anthropology 301 Self-Paced Lab 8: The AustralopithecinesAnthropology 301 Self-Paced Lab 8: The Australopithecines 1. The small-brained Plio-Pleistocene hominids are generally referred to as the _____. This genus is divided further into two groups, the _____ and the robust forms. Many scientists prefer to separate the robust forms even further into their own genus and/or subgenus, _____. a. Neandertals; small; Australopithecus b. Australopithecines; gracile; Paranthropus c. Africanus; gracile; Paranthropus d. Africanus; diminutive; Australopithecus e. Africanus; diminutive; Paranthropus 2. Ardipithecus ramidus is distinct from members of the species Australopithecus afarenis because of its _____________. a. convergent toothrow b. smaller and less molar-like premolars c. large canines d. larger molars e. b and c 3. Match the hominid genus and species to the correct geographic location (site location)a. Sahelanthropus b. Australopithecus robustus c. Australopithecus boisei d. Australopithecus africanus e. Ardipithecus ramidus 1. Swartkrans 2. Taung and Sterkfontein 3. Aramis 4. Chad 5. Peninj NOTE: when you enter your answers to the above question using the “Submit lab assignments” portion of the web site, the order of the above names may be shuffled. You will use the mouse cursor to click on a location and click on the blank linked to species. 4. What does the second value in the dental formula represent? a. molars b. incisors c. premolars d. canines e. none of the above 15. Identify the teeth. Match the correct name with the correct tooth in the picture of the maxilla (use the mouse cursor to click on the appropriate tooth). a. right first incisor _____ b. left second molar _____ c. right second premolar _____ d. left canine _____ e. left second premolar _____ NOTE: when you enter your answers to the above question using the “Submit lab assignments” portion of the web site, you will use the mouse cursor to click on the correct tooth. 6. Inferring behavior of extinct primates is difficult. However with the aid of comparative functional morphology, ecology, and behavior of extant primates we can state with some confidence what extinct animals were like. Based on your knowledge gained from the CD-ROM, which of the following hypotheses regarding australopithecine behavior seems the most plausible? a. Dental specializations indicate an increased amount of meat in their diets. b. Dental specializations indicate that they used their teeth as tools. c. Dental and muscular specializations indicate that chewing was important, much as in the extant orangutans. d. Dental specializations are unlike any living primate today, so it is impossible to infer their dietary behavior. 2Refer to this graph to answer questions 7 and 8. 7. There is a general relationship between body mass and the size of the cheek teeth. Using the graph, which answer best approximates the area of the cheek teeth in a primate with a body mass of 1.9 (log10 kg)? a. 2.32 b. 2.41 c. 2.56 d. 2.72 e. 3.05 8. There is a general relationship between body mass and the size of the cheek teeth. Using the graph at right, it can be stated that Australopithecus bosei is unique because _____. a. for its body size A. boisei has relatively smaller molars. b. for its tooth size A. boisei has a relatively larger body size. c. for its body size A. boisei has relatively larger molars. d. a and b e. none of the above 9. Australopithecus africanus specimens have been recovered from the site(s) of _____. a. Sterkfontein b. Taung c. Makapansgat d. all of the above e. none of the above 10. The identity of the genus and species of the extinct hominid seen here at right is _____. a. Australopithecus africanus b. Australopithecus afarensis c. Australopithecus garhi d. Australopithecus boisei e. Australopithecus aethiopicus
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