BOLOGY 107 Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture I. Cellular Respirationa. Glycolysisb. Pyruvate oxidationc. Citric acid cycled. Oxidative phosphorylatione. Side notesOutline of Current Lecture II. Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentationa. Processb. Lactic acid fermentationc. Alcohol fermentationIII. Cell divisiona. Mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesisb. Cell cyclec. Mitosis i. Chromosomes Current LectureAnaerobic Respiration and Fermentation a) Anaerobic- life without oxygenb) Obligate anaerobei) Anaerobic respiration(1) Use electron transport chain(2) Pass electrons to another acceptor, like SO42-ii) Fermentation c) Fermentationi) Use glycolysis only to produce ATPii) Regenerated NAD+ by other reactions2) Process a) Pyruvate occupies central positionb) Regulated based on oxygen levelsc) Implications for endosymbiosis theory3) Lactic acid fermentationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a) Uses NADH to convert pyruvate to lactateb) Generates 2 ATP and 2 lactate4) Alcohol fermentationa) Converts pyruvate into acetaldehydeb) Uses NADH to convert acetaldehyde to ethanolc) Generates 2 ATP, and 2 ethanolCell Division5) Mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesisa) Mitosis- simple cell divisionb) Meiosis- division for sexual reproductioni) Both are nuclear division (replication and segregation of genetic material)c) Cytokinesis- cytoplasmic divisioni) Not necessary for mitosis6) Cell cyclea) G1 – gap 1b) S – synthesis c) G2 – gap 2d) Mitotic (M) phasei) Mitosis ii) Cytokinesis 7) Mitosis a) Occurs in somatic (non-reproductive) cellsb) Replicated DNA is equally dividedi) Chromosomes are segregatedc) Chromosomes i) Contiguous piece of DNA(1) Sister chromatids- same chromosome(2) Centromere- where the chromatid are linked during replicationii) Species can have 1 – 10,000s of chromosomes(1) Humans have 46iii) Organisms can have copies of chromosomes(1) Haploid- single set(2) Diploid- pairs(3) Triploid- sets of three, etc.iv) In mitosis, a parents cell produces two daughter cells with the same chromosome count and
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