Name: __________________________ 1 Biology 449 - Animal Physiology Fall 2010 Final Exam Fill in your scantron form as follows: • Write and bubble in your name in the upper left (last name first). • Sign your form on the upper right. By so doing you verify that you are abiding by Creighton’s policy on academic honesty. Multiple choice: As always, choose the best answer for each multiple-choice question. Answer on your scantron form. Each question is worth 3 points. 1. When a physiologist talks about osmoregulation, the fluid that is being regulated is the a. intracellular fluid. b. extracellular fluid. c. interstitial fluid but not the blood. d. sweat. e. urine. 2. Two different solutions are put on either side of a membrane, and over time some of the volume shifts from one side to the other. If that is all the information you are given, which of the following could you say with certainty? a. The osmotic pressure differs on the two sides. b. The hydrostatic pressure differs on the two sides. c. The two solutions could not have been isosmotic at the start of the experiment. d. The solutes must be uncharged. e. None of the above is certain. 3. Which of the following is never (as far as we know) moved across a lipid bilayer by a carrier protein? a. Ca2+ b. Glucose c. H2O d. K+ e. Na+ 4. The portion of the nervous system that controls the skeletal muscle system is the a. afferent nervous system. b. enteric nervous system. c. parasympathetic nervous system. d. somatic nervous system. e. sympathetic nervous system.2 5. Which of the following statements about myelinated axons is true? a. Myelin improves the cable properties of the axon and allows action potentials to occur at all points along the axon. b. Myelin improves the cable properties of the axon, but action potentials can only occur at gaps in the myelin. c. Myelin worsens the cable properties of the axon, but action potentials can occur at all points along the axon. d. Myelin worsens the cable properties of the axon, and action potentials can only occur at gaps in the myelin. e. Myelin is only found in squids. 6. Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors found in post-synaptic neurons differ in that a. ionotropic receptors cause a more rapid change in membrane potential, and the change in potential tends to persist for a longer period. b. metabotropic receptors cause a more rapid change in membrane potential, and the change in potential tends to persist for a longer period. c. ionotropic receptors cause a more rapid change in membrane potential, but the change in potential tends to be shorter-lived. d. metabotropic receptors cause a more rapid change in membrane potential, but the change in potential tends to be shorter-lived. e. Potato, potahto 7. The process of neuronal integration (including both spatial and temporal summation) a. can involve only excitatory post-synaptic potentials. b. can involve only inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. c. can involve both excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. d. always results in the generation of an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron. e. always prevents generation of an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron. 8. Sensory neurons encode information about stimulus intensity through a. changing the amplitude of individual action potentials. b. changing the duration of individual action potentials. c. changing the polarity of action potentials. d. changing the frequency with which action potentials occur. e. changing the type of neurotransmitter released by the neuron. 9. A cutaneous mechanoreceptor would probably exhibit the smallest receptive field size in the a. back. b. fingertip. c. foot. d. neck. e. upper arm.3 10. Which of the following statements about olfactory receptors is true? a. They respond to only four different types of odorants. b. They are hyperpolarized when activated. c. They shrink in response to an appropriate odorant. d. They are a type of mechanoreceptor. e. Their responses to an odor are integrated by the olfactory bulb. 11. If the hair cells in the portion of the cochlea near the oval window were destroyed, but the remaining hair cells were left intact, the cochlea would a. lose the ability to perceive quieter sounds. b. lose the ability to perceive high-pitched sounds. c. lose the ability to sense acceleration in the vertical axis. d. lose the ability to detect rotation in the horizontal plane. e. no longer look like a snail. 12. Retinal isomerase is the enzyme that converts trans-retinal back to cis-retinal. If a chemical were introduced into the eye that inhibited this enzyme, which of the following would most likely be true? a. The rod photoreceptors would remain depolarized indefinitely. b. The bipolar cells would become inactivated. c. The retina would turn black. d. The eye would react as though viewing a bright light. e. The pupil would fully dilate. 13. Which of the following is a correct hormonal pathway? a. Thyrotropin releasing hormone → thyroid stimulation hormone → thyroid hormones b. Thyroid stimulating hormone → thyrotropin releasing hormone → thyroid hormones c. Corticotropin releasing hormone → cortisol → adrenocorticotropic hormone d. Cortisol → corticotropin releasing hormone → adrenocorticotropic hormone e. Adrenocorticotropic hormone → corticotropin releasing hormone → cortisol 14. Cross-bridge cycling in a muscle myofibril could still occur even if one of the following molecules were absent. Which is it? a. Actin b. ATP c. Myosin d. Tropomyosin e. All of the following are required for cross-bridge cycling to occur.4 15. Which of the following would likely generate the greatest amount of force? a. A fast-glycolytic myofiber generating a twitch contraction b. A fast-glycolytic myofiber generating a tetanic contraction c. A slow-oxidative myofiber generating a twitch contraction d. A slow-oxidative myofiber generating a tetanic contraction e. All of these would produce about the same amount of force. 16. A person at rest has four liters per minute of blood flowing through her aorta. Based on this, which of the following statements must be true (at least on average)? a. She also has four liters per minute flowing through her renal arteries. b. She also has four liters per minute flowing though her pulmonary artery. c. She has the same blood pressure in her pulmonary and systemic circuits. d.