Quantitative Genetics and Heritability Questions1. The raised skin ridges on the fingers of each person that form a fingerprint pattern are variable in number and make a pattern that is unique in each individual. The number of ridges between the center and edge constitutes the fingerprint ridge count for any finger, and the sum of the ridge counts for all ten fingers constitutes the total fingerprint ridge count. Theaverage total ridge count for all humans is 125. A man with a ridge count of 168 and a woman with a ridge count of 126 had several children with an average ridge count of 147. a. Calculate narrow sense heritability from these numbers using the formula h2=MO− MPMS−MP show your work (hint: the selected population is the parents). b. What does this heritability value mean in terms of fingerprint ridge count?2. Two characteristics in beef cattle have been measured and the following variance components estimated:Variance Fat content TendernessVA45 12VD25 5VE64 8a. Calculate narrow sense heritability (h2) for both traits.b. Which trait, if either, is more likely to respond to selection? Explain your reasoning.3. A farmer wants to increase the average body weight in a herd of cattle. She begins with aherd having the mean weight of 595 kg and chooses individuals to breed that have a mean weight of 625 kg. Twenty offspring were obtained with the following weights in kg:612 604 617 577 609 633 588 599 601 611587 589 615 641 575 611 610 598 589 620a. Calculate narrow sense heritability in this herd with regard to body weight. b. What can you tell this farmer about her attempts to increase the body weight in her herd?4. Boag and Grant (1981) observed that mean body weight in Geospiza fortis (the medium ground finch on the Galapagos Islands) before the 1977 drought was 15.79 grams and that mean body weight in the survivors (selected individuals) was 16.85 grams. The offspring of the survivors (selected population) mean weight was 16.85 g. a. What is the narrow sense heritability of body weight in G. fortis?b. What does this estimate indicate about this trait in this population of finches?5. A farmer is raising rabbits. The average body weight in his population of rabbits is 3 kg. The farmer selects the 10 largest rabbits in his population, whose average body weight is 4 kg, and interbreeds them. The offspring of this breeding experiment weighed 3.5 kg on average. i. What is the realized heritability of body weight in this population of rabbits?ii. What does this mean in terms of selection for the body weight trait?iii. The farmer down the road also is interested in bigger rabbits. Would she find the same realized heritability in her population? Explain. 6. A hypothetical study investigated egg weight and shell thickness in a large population of chickens. The variances (V) were calculated as follows:TraitVariance egg wt shell thicknessVP124.7 25.1VE 98.6 2.8VA 17.5 17.5VD 8.6 4.8i. Calculate the narrow-sense heritability (h2) for both traits.ii. Which trait, it either, is more likely to respond to selection?