Chapter 1 Introduction to Active Directory 1 Learning Objectives Discuss Microsoft s goals for Windows 2000 development Describe the different versions of Windows 2000 Describe the primary purpose for each version of Windows 2000 Describe and define key new features in Windows 2000 Describe and define the goal and purpose of a directory service 2 1 Learning Objectives Describe ways in which networks have used directory services in the past Describe the main areas of improvement for system administrators Describe how AD helps achieves better scalability in Windows 2000 than in previous versions Describe key open standards that have been adopted in Windows 2000 Describe logical components of AD 3 Windows 2000 Overview 1 Windows 2000 represents a radical change in architecture from Windows NT Main areas of improvement Increased stability Increased scalability Increased security Reduced TCO Support for standards based technology 4 Features 1 Interoperability IntelliMirror WEBM HSM Zero Administration File Systems FAT NTFS CDFS UDF DVD 2TB Volumes 16 EB exabytes 260 5 1 Features of Windows 2000 Directory services Networking and communication services Internet integration Integrated administration tools Hardware support 6 1 New Features in Windows 2000 Active Directory Active Directory Service Interface ADSI Disk quota support Encrypted File System EFS Group Policy Internet Connection Sharing ICS Internet Information Server IIS 7 Memory Requirements 1 INTEL Server 5 Users 64 MB 5 Users 128 MB 4GB Advanced Server 128 MB 8 GB DataCenter 128 MB 64GB MS recommends at least 256 MB for best performance 8 1 Windows 2000 Product Family Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server 9 1 Windows 2000 Professional Client version of the Windows 2000 product family Designed to provide a stable reliable and fast platform for end users to run their applications 10 Windows 2000 Professional 1 A high performance secure network client computer and corporate desktop operating system that incorporates the best business features of Microsoft Windows 98 and builds on the traditional strengths of Microsoft Windows NT Workstation Windows 2000 Professional 4 GB Memory 2 Processors 11 Windows 2000 Server 1 A file print and application server as well as a Webserver platform that contains all the features of Windows 2000 Professional plus many new serverspecific functions Terminal Services For small to medium sized organizations 4 GB Memory 4 Processors More Services and connectivity options Active Directory Network Storage Management 12 1 Windows 2000 Advanced Server A more powerful departmental and application server operating system that includes the full feature set of Windows 2000 Server and adds the advanced high availability and improved scalability required for enterprise and larger departmental solutions High end enterprise networks Clustering Load Balancing 8 GB memory 8 Processors 13 1 Windows 2000 Datacenter Server A specialized high end version of Windows 2000 Server designed for large scale enterprise solutions and optimized for large data warehouses econometric analysis large scale simulations in science and engineering online transaction processing and server consolidation projects Large Database applications 64 GB memory 32 Processors Clustering 14 New TCP IP Support 1 Telnet SNMP RSVP Resource Reservation QoS Allocation of network resources 15 1 Active Directory Built upon industry standards Compatible with other directories and systems Addresses scalability security and maintenance issues ensuring lower TCO 16 1 Active Directory Service Interface Component Object Model COM components that open AD features to programmers 17 1 Disk quota support Allow you to designate a finite amount of space for a group or user Assignment is done at the volume level on a server 18 1 Encrypted File System EFS A method of encrypting data on an NTFS disk Denies access to underlying data files 19 1 Group Policy Allows you to secure and maintain Windows 2000 Professional and Server computers in the enterprise Allows a policy based system that can be applied at a high level 20 1 Internet Connection Sharing ICS Ideal feature for the home office Allows you to share one Internet connection among all computers on your network 21 1 Internet Information Server IIS New version supports ASP and document sharing across the Internet 22 1 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP Defines an industry standard method of accessing AD data Aids in the integration of AD with other systems 23 1 Microsoft Management Console MMC Flexible tool used to administer Windows 2000 You can create and combine consoles 24 1 Plug and Play Part of the Windows product line for a long time Seamless implementation in Windows 2000 25 1 Remote Installation Services RIS Supports the initial installation of Windows 2000 Scripted installation no administrative interaction is required 26 1 Windows Media Services Windows 2000 now supports a wide array of multimedia features Includes streaming media and voice over IP 27 1 Windows Scripting Host WSH A host that can run scripts Use has been extended through additional interfaces provided to AD Language independent 28 1 Windows 2000 Directory Services What is a Directory Service A directory is a collection of data that is related in various ways to other pieces of data A directory service is a central repository for data that describes the resources on your network 29 1 Windows 2000 and Active Directory Active Directory is the name given to the directory service employed in Windows 2000 Its dual role to act as a data repository and to provide data to applications and features outside of AD 30 1 Windows 2000 and Active Directory 31 W2K and AD Ease of Administration 1 Domain system Trusts Transitiveness 32 1 W2K and AD Scalability Limit on the size of AD databases has been removed Primary Domain Controller PDC acts as keeper of the data 33 W2K and AD Open Standards Support 1 Less reliance on proprietary protocols means easier integration of disparate systems and better scalability Newly supported standards include DNS LDAP HTTP 34 Organization of Active Directory Database 1 AD is a single table residing in a single file that is copied to all domain controllers ntds dit Rows describe objects Columns describe attributes Metadata Schema Extensible 35 1 Organization of Active Directory Database 36 1 Logical components Objects Forests Trees Domains Groups