Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage SystemECE 480 Fall Semester 2008Design Team 10Final ProposalBattery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage SystemExecutive Summary: The project undertaken by design team ten is to design and build a “Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System” for HEV and renewable power generation. The system will provide optimum energy and power density for HEV and alternative (renewable) power generation. The battery will provide long-term constant power and the supercapacitor will deliver short-term pulse power, to a pulsating load. The hybrid energy storage system will be 48 Volts nominal and able to power a pulsating load with the following characteristics: 48 Volts 20%, one kilowatt peak power for 18 seconds over every two minutes with almost 0 kW for the remaining 102 seconds of every two minute period. Our goal is to create an energy storage system that will be able to provide power for at least ten of these cycles over the course of 20 minutes. Due to time constraints, this project will not involve any power generation or regeneration systems. Team ten will construct a digitally monitored and controlled hybrid lithiumion battery – supercapacitor system, and a variable Ohm, one-kilowatt load for testing purposes.Table of Contents:1Cover page ………………………1Executive Summary ………………………1Table of Contents ………………………2Introduction ………………………3 Background ………………………3Objectives ………………………4Design Specification ………………………4FAST Diagram ………………………5 Conceptual Design Descriptions ………………………5-7Ranking of Conceptual Designs ………………………8Proposed Design Solution ………………………8-13Risk Analysis ………………………14 Project Management Plan ………………………15Budget ………………………16References ………….……….…..17Appendix: A ………………………18Introduction:2The rising cost of energy combined with increasing awareness and acceptance of global warming, has served as kindling for the forge that is now the white-hot “green” technology sector. The field of Electrical Engineering is deeply affected by the push for cleaner energy and transportation. The advent of new, high-energy storage capacitors, and lighter rechargeable batteries, with greater energy density, has allowed new developments in the clean energy sector. The hybrid, in all its fuel saving glory, is flawed. The battery is made of highly reactive substances, is very expensive, heavy, and difficult to replace. Creating and utilizing new technologies is at the forefront of modern engineering and is sure to create many jobs, driving our economy, our careers, and our vehicles for the foreseeable future.Background:Demand for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has driven the auto industry to createmany different sizes and models. Whether the combustion engine runs on by gasoline, compressed natural gas, propane, ethanol, bio or conventional diesel, they all require some type of battery technology for electrical storage. Batteries are costly, have limited life cycle, high maintenance, environmental hazards, and temperature sensitivity. With all of these drawbacks of a battery, there is considerable research looking for a new energy storage system to augment or replace them. There have been problems in securing an energy source that outperforms the battery in the areas of cost and electrical performance. With new breakthroughs in supercapacitors the wait may not be far away. Using different chemical compounds to produce different types of capacitors is yielding to capacitors having higher energy densities that are comparable to batteries. With this ideology, we will create a power system for a bus. This power system will extend the lifespan of the battery on the bus. Objective: 3The objective of this project is to develop an energy storage system that is suitablefor use in Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV) and can be used for remote or backup energystorage systems in absence of a working power grid. In order to get the highest efficiencyfrom this system, super capacitors will be used in parallel with the battery and a pulsed load. The final product should use active circuit components to influence performance and efficiency in accordance with a varying load. The load will be programmed to simulate a pulsating energy demand. The goal is create an efficient system with an overallreduction in cost, size, and weight.Tasks:(1) Design a battery to provide the average power to the load for at least 20 minutes(2) Design a supercapacitor to provide the pulse power to the load(3) Design and build a hybrid structure (or circuit configuration) of thebattery and supercapacitor to provide needed power to the load(4) Design and build a programmable load to simulate the pulsating load(5) Test and demonstrate the hybrid energy storage system to prove that the constant power is from the battery and the pulse power of the load is from the supercapacitor(6) Provide final report and suggestions to improve/optimize the systemDesign Specifications:For safety reasons the hybrid energy storage system should be 48 volt nominal and able to power a pulsating load with the following characteristics: 48 volt 20%, 1 KW peak power for 18 seconds over every 2 minutes (consider almost 0 kW for the remaining 102 seconds of every 2 minute period). The energy storage system should be able to provide at least 20 minutes of power to the load. The system will be used for vehicle power storage and as an alternative destination for renewable energy output that does not directly connect to the power grid. This design will be on a smaller scale than actual systems used in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. Project Deliverables: A working unit of a 1 KW hybrid energy storage system A working unit of 1 KW programmable load A final report of test results and suggestions to improve and optimize the system 4FAST Diagram:Figure 1. FAST DiagramConceptual Design Descriptions:Design α: Battery Parallel Comparison SystemThis system uses no active circuit components. This circuit maximizes efficiency through advanced computer simulation to determine the best capacitance/battery combination. The circuit responds to the load without
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