VSU ECED 4300 - Understanding Oral Language Development

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Engaging in the Language Arts: Exploring the Power of Language Donna Ogle and James W. BeersSlide 2What Is Language?Why is Oral Language Important?Slide 5What Do We Know about Oral Language Development?Slide 7Slide 8How Does Language Grow?Slide 10Slide 11How Does Language Change during the Preschool Years?Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Is Language Development “Finished” When Children Enter School?What Do We Know about Dialects?Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21How Do Students Use Language?Slide 23Slide 24How Can We Promote Language Growth?Slide 26Slide 27Copyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & BaconEngaging in the Language Arts: Exploring the Power of LanguageDonna Ogle and James W. BeersThis multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:• Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;• Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part of any images;• Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.Copyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & BaconEngaging in the Language Arts: Exploring the Power of LanguageDonna Ogle and James W. BeersChapter 2: Understanding Oral Language DevelopmentCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon What Is Language?Language is a system.Language includes arbitrary symbols.Language allows us to classify everything.Talking and writing are expressive modes of language. Listening and reading are receptive modes.Copyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Why is Oral Language Important?Talking Improves Students’ Ability to communicateLanguage growth does not stop once a child reaches school agePlan opportunities for students to talk and listenTalking and Listening Promote a Deeper Understanding of TextTalking Promotes More Critical Thinking and Problem SolvingCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Why is Oral Language Important?The Interdependence of Oral and Written LanguageCompetence with the oral system, particularly the representation function, has a direct impact on how well students progress with the written systemThe Pressing Issue of TalkingTalking and listening facilitate an honest exchange of ideas, promote better understandings, and develop deeper appreciations for other points of viewCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon What Do We Know about Oral Language Development?The Properties of LanguageLanguage is generativeLanguage is rule-governedLanguage is arbitraryLanguage has a dual qualityCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon What Do We Know about Oral Language Development?The Components of LanguagePhonology: The study of speech sounds (phonemes) and how they are produced and combinedMorphology: The study of morphemes—the smallest unit of meaning in our languageSyntax: Concerned with the arrangement of words into acceptable sequencesSemantics: Deals with meaning and how it is communicated in our language systemPragmatics: Refers to the rules that help us navigate our conversationsCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon What Do We Know about Oral Language Development?The Importance of Talking and Listening45 percent of the time we spend engaged in communication is devoted to listeningChildren’s comprehension is far greater than their productionCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon How Does Language Grow?Skinnerian TheoryShapingDiscriminate learningImitationPsycholinguistic Theory (Chomsky)Innate capabilitiesLanguage acquisition device (LAD)Deep structure and surface structureTransformational rulesCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon How Does Language Grow?Semantic-Cognitivist Theory (Bloom)Thought precedes languageRole of the adult is crucialObject permanenceUtterances are the result of semantic, not syntactic, relationshipsCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon How Does Language Grow?Sociolinguistic TheoryThe speech act is the central focus of analysisIllocutionary force, conversational principles, and presuppositionsIntention may be implicit or explicitConversational principles refer to the listener’s expectationsPresuppositions refer to what both speakers and listeners expect of the information provided in an utterance.Copyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon How Does Language Changeduring the Preschool Years?The Prelinguistic PeriodCryingCooingBabblingThe Emergence of SpeechBetween twelve and eighteen monthsHolophrasesThe Beginnings of SentencesBetween eighteen and twenty-four monthsFamily Life Royalty Free CDCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & BaconCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon How Does Language Changeduring the Preschool Years?The Development of VocabulariesSemantic Features HypothesisFunctional-Core HypothesisPrototypic-Complex HypothesisComprehension versus ProductionProductive vocabularies typically lag behind receptive vocabulariesCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & BaconCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Is Language Development “Finished” When Children Enter School?Syntax Continues to GrowConjoiningEmbeddingPassive sentencesVocabulary Continues to GrowHorizontal and vertical increases in word meaningPhoneme Awareness Continues to GrowVoiced and Unvoiced SoundsPhoneme SegmentationSound AssociationsConversational Abilities Continue to GrowTopic MaintenanceConversational RepairCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon What Do We Know about Dialects?Characteristics of African American EnglishThe linguistic differences between AAVE and Standard English (SE) are minimal and rule-governedThe linguistic differences that AAVE exhibits have considerable overlap with southern dialects and other dialectsNot all African Americans use a dialectCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & BaconCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon What Do We Know about Dialects?Characteristics of Latino EnglishLinguistic differences between LE and Standard English (SAE) are minimal and rule-governedGuidelines for Working with Diverse Language LearnersLearn more about the culture and dialect of studentsHelp students develop an understanding and respect of others’ dialect differencesModel a curiosity and interest in other cultures and dialectsCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & BaconCopyright © 2009 Pearson Allyn & Bacon What Do We Know about Dialects?Teaching Standard


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VSU ECED 4300 - Understanding Oral Language Development

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