CSUB ART 381 - HANDOUT 2: ORIENTALIZING GREEK ART AND ARCHITECTURE

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OrientalizingII. Architectural SculptureArt 381 HO 2 1 ART 381, HANDOUT 2: ORIENTALIZING GREEK ART AND ARCHITECTURE Orientalizing Orientalizing Period: in art, the period between ca. 725/700 and 600 BCE, when Greek artists adapted many motifs from the art of the ancient Near East. Corinth was the artistic leader in this period. Many contemporary authors regard this as part of the Archaic Period. Protocorinthian: a style of painting at Corinth ca. 725-625 BCE. Primarily miniature and decorative, but included the earliest works in the black-figure technique (ca. 675 B.C. or earlier). The earliest Protocorinthian uses outline drawing and dates to the late 8th century, but the developed style is black-figure (in which figures are painted in silhouette, and then details incised through the slip) and usually features animal friezes with any empty spaces filled with floral motifs (alabastron with woman’s head, 640 BC). The best Corinthian painting tends to be miniature, like the alabastron, which shows a fight on its body. The finest painted pots are rendered in black figure with much added colored slip, and are thus polychrome. They date around 650-640 BCE. The “Chigi vase,” an olpe or pitcher that is 10” tall, has three friezes on its body, of which the top shows a hoplite phalanx (or heavy infantry formation). The middle frieze shows a cavalcade, the bottom a rabbit hunt, including a scene in which a Greek and his dog surprise an Egyptian! Beneath the handle is the only mythological scene, of the Judgement of Paris, in which the Trojan prince judged Aphrodite the most beautiful goddess, and thus started the Trojan War (since Aphrodite gave Paris Helen, Queen of Sparta, who was already married, as his award for favoring her). Protoattic: an exuberant style of vase-painting used in Attica and the nearby island of Aegina ca. 700-625 BCE. Characterized by large and monumental figures drawn in outline. Initially the style is “sub-geometric. The Analatos hydria of c. 700-675 shows a chariot procession on its body, while its neck has a dance of men and women, and a frieze of marching Sphinxes. Most of the figures are drawn in outline, but there is much sort of geometric fill, and male figures are rendered in silhouette. The Eleusis Amphora, ca. 650 BC, a 5’ tall grave marker, has the Blinding of Polyphemus the Cyclops (from The Odyssey?) on the neck, while the body has two Gorgons pursuing Perseus after he has killed Medusa. A conemporary pitcher (called the “Ram Jug”) was found on Aigina, and shows Odysseus escaping from Polyphemus’ cave beneath a sheep. By 625-600 BC Attic potters had learned the black-figure technique from Corinth. A 4’ tall amphora called the “Nessos Amphora” shows the Gorgons pursuing Preseus on the body, while the neck has Herakles killing Nessos the Centaur. Cycladic: the seventh century was the last period when the Greek islands were major sources of Greek art. The potters of Rhodes and the coat of Asia Minor created a handsome outline style with animal friezes called “Wild Goat” from the most common beast depicted. A large amphora from Melos shows Apollo bringing the Hyperborean Maidens to Delos in his chariot, where they are received by Artemis. It is painted inArt 381 HO 2 2 outline with no incision. The most interesting Cycladic vases, however, are not painted. A 41/2’ tall vase found on Mykonos has relief panels (imitating enlay?) with scenes of the Fall of Troy (including the wooden horse on the neck). It seems to date around 650 BCE, and is not unique (although other vases are only known in fragments). A fragment of a similar vase found Tinos shows Perseus killing Medusa, who is depicted as a Centaur! Daidalic sculpture: Greek sculpture in the 7th century, so-called because the earliest sculptor was believed to be the mythic artist Daidalos. Daidalic sculpture is characterized by simple forms, triangular faces, large eyes, and wig-like hair that forms tinagles by the side of the face. Kouros : Greek for youth. In Archaic art, a statue of an ideal nude young man, shown striding and frontal by the end of the 7th century. Used in Archaic art for dedications/ tomb statues, and cult statues (of male gods); the exact meaning therefore depended on context. In the Orientalizing period, generally seen in statuettes of warriors, who wear a belt (and occasionally a helmet): Mantiklos “Apollo” (700-675), Delphi Kouros (c. 625). Of these the Apollo is subgeometric in style and stands at rest, but eh Delphi figurine has its left foot advance in the Egyptian scheme. Kore : Greek for a young girl. In art a statue of an ideal draped girl. A characteristic Archaic sculptural type used for dedications, tomb statues, and cult images of goddesses: again meaning of a particular figure depended on context (and sometimes on a surviving inscription). In the Orientalizing period, seen in works such as the Dedication of Nikandre (640), and the Lady of Auxerre (625). Orientalizing architecture: basically still religious only, the 7th century saw the evolution of the later orders, but only in wood and clay. The Temple of Poseidon at Isthmia was built in the first half of the 7th century with a (wooden) colonnade on a continuous foundation and a tile roof, and represents perhaps the first Doric temple. Unfortunately, most of its architectural detailing does not survive. The Temple of Apollo at Thermon (c. 630 BC) preserves painted terracotta metopes and antefixes, and therefore shows the basic evolution of the Doric order. The metopes’ painted style looks similar to contemporary (Proto) Corinthian (Perseus with the Head of Medusa). The temple itself is very long and narrow, with a single row of columns down the cella, and a 6 X 15 column peristyle. A small temple at Prinias (625-600) on Crete has sculptured decoration, including a continuous frieze of horsemen. Its sculpted lintel is highly unusual, and shows that this was period of experimentation; the style of the sculpture is Daedalic, but shows Near Eastern influence. The earliest Ionic sanctuary is preserved on Samos, where the temple was rebuilt with a 6 X 18 peristyle around 650 BC. The temple was still long and shedlike, but had a double row of columns across its front. The sanctuary there also has the earliest stoa, a long open colonnade with wooden columns. Megara Hyblaia in Sicily preserves the earliest planned Agora or civic center (market and governmental center, dated


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CSUB ART 381 - HANDOUT 2: ORIENTALIZING GREEK ART AND ARCHITECTURE

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