The Changing Nature of WorkOverviewThe Workforce of TomorrowSlide 4Individual Dimensions: EmotionsSlide 6Individual Dimensions: AdaptabilitySlide 8Individual Dimensions: Genetic InfluencesSlide 10Individual Dimensions: Genetic Influences—DiscriminationIndividual Dimensions: Genetic Influences—ConsequencesWork Dimensions: TechnologyWork Dimensions: Temporary WorkforceSlide 15Slide 16Work Dimensions: Lifelong LearningSocietal Dimensions: Economic CompetitionSocietal Dimensions: ValuesSocietal Dimensions: TimeSlide 21Slide 22ConclusionThe Changing Nature of The Changing Nature of WorkWorkChapter 14Chapter 14OverviewOverviewThe workforce of tomorrowThe workforce of tomorrowIndividual dimensions of change:Individual dimensions of change:Emotions, Adaptability, Genetic Emotions, Adaptability, Genetic influencesinfluencesWork dimensions of change:Work dimensions of change:Technology, Temporary workforce, Technology, Temporary workforce, Lifelong learningLifelong learningSocietal dimensions of change:Societal dimensions of change:Economic competition, Values, TimeEconomic competition, Values, TimeThe Workforce of TomorrowThe Workforce of TomorrowFastest growing occupations:Fastest growing occupations:Registered nursesRegistered nursesPostsecondary teachersPostsecondary teachersRetail salespersonsRetail salespersonsMedical assistantsMedical assistantsNetwork systems and data Network systems and data communications analystscommunications analystsPhysician assistantsPhysician assistantsBetween 2002 and 2012, based on the Bureau Labor StatisticsThe Workforce of The Workforce of TomorrowTomorrowCivilian labor force will grow by 12%Civilian labor force will grow by 12%Fastest growing group will be seniorsFastest growing group will be seniorsNumber of workers 55 and older is Number of workers 55 and older is projected to increase by 49.3%. projected to increase by 49.3%. They will account for 19.1% of the They will account for 19.1% of the workforce, up from 14.3%workforce, up from 14.3%Women will also account for a larger Women will also account for a larger share of the working population, up share of the working population, up 1% to 47.5% by 2012.1% to 47.5% by 2012.Men’s share of the workforce is Men’s share of the workforce is expected to decline by 1% to 52.5%expected to decline by 1% to 52.5%Between 2002 and 2012, based on the Bureau Labor StatisticsIndividual Dimensions: Individual Dimensions: EmotionsEmotionsEmotional Labor:Emotional Labor: how employees how employees behave when they are required to behave when they are required to feel, or at least appear to feel, feel, or at least appear to feel, certain emotions that facilitate their certain emotions that facilitate their job performancejob performance“…..those who work in customer service may encourage repeat business by showing smiles and good humor, whereas those who work as bill collectors or in law enforcement may find that an angry demeanor results in the best “customer” response (Hochschild, 1983; Sutton, 1991; VanMaanen & Kunda, 1989). For therapists or judges, a lack of emotional responding may be needed when listening to clients. In each case, the emotional expression (or suppression) results in more effective workplace interaction. “ (Grandey, 2000)Individual Dimensions: Individual Dimensions: EmotionsEmotionsEmotions vs. moodsEmotions vs. moodsCharacteristics of emotions in Characteristics of emotions in the workplacethe workplaceCommon at workCommon at workProduce positive and negative Produce positive and negative work outcomeswork outcomesIndividual differences affect Individual differences affect emotionsemotionsIndividual Dimensions: Individual Dimensions: AdaptabilityAdaptabilityAdaptability: Adaptability: willingness to willingness to embrace new situations.embrace new situations.Relational skills:Relational skills:CommunicationCommunicationInterpersonal relatingConflict resolutionInfluencing capabilitiesImportant with shift to work teamsImportant with shift to work teamsIndividual Dimensions: Individual Dimensions: AdaptabilityAdaptabilityAdaptable employees must:Adaptable employees must:Handle emergencies or crisesHandle emergencies or crisesHandle work stressHandle work stressSolve problems creativelySolve problems creativelyDeal with uncertain/unpredictable work Deal with uncertain/unpredictable work situationssituationsLearn work tasks, technologies, and Learn work tasks, technologies, and proceduresproceduresDemonstrate interpersonal adaptabilityDemonstrate interpersonal adaptabilityDemonstrate physically oriented Demonstrate physically oriented adaptabilityadaptabilityIndividual Dimensions: Individual Dimensions: Genetic InfluencesGenetic InfluencesGenetic differences are Genetic differences are hypothesized to influence job hypothesized to influence job factors such as job choice, factors such as job choice, performance, how we feel about performance, how we feel about our work, length of time on a job, our work, length of time on a job, and level of incomeand level of incomeOne main areas of research One main areas of research concerns the heritability of concerns the heritability of stressstressIndividual Dimensions: Individual Dimensions: Genetic InfluencesGenetic InfluencesGenetic assessment/measurement:Genetic assessment/measurement:Krumm (2002) suggests that genetic Krumm (2002) suggests that genetic assessment should be illegal because assessment should be illegal because it could lead to genetic discrimination.it could lead to genetic discrimination.Genetic discrimination can be defined Genetic discrimination can be defined as the discrimination that results as the discrimination that results "against an individual or a member of "against an individual or a member of an individual's family solely on the an individual's family solely on the basis of that individual's genotype." basis of that individual's genotype." (Krumm, 2002)(Krumm, 2002)Individual Dimensions: Genetic Individual Dimensions: Genetic Influences—Discrimination Influences—Discrimination ““A 24 year old woman excelled at her social work A 24 year old woman excelled at her social work job. She attends a conference on Huntington’s job. She attends a conference on Huntington’s Disease and discloses that she is at risk for Disease and discloses that she is at