The Mystery of BirdThe Mystery of BirdMigrationMigrationMichaelMichael ObiladeObilade and Javier Burgos and Javier BurgosDefinition of MigrationDefinition of MigrationMigration is the predictable movement ofMigration is the predictable movement ofan animal from one location and climatean animal from one location and climateto another location and climateto another location and climateTypically these movements are linked toTypically these movements are linked toresource availability, seasonal changesresource availability, seasonal changesand reproductionand reproductionhttp://www.http://www.njaudubonnjaudubon.o.rg/Education/Oases/Migration.htmlorg/Education/Oases/Migration.htmlCanada Goose Canada GooseMigrates in the fall & winter Migrates in the fall & winterAs far south as CaliforniaAs far south as CaliforniaWeighs 8-10lbsWeighs 8-10lbsMigrates primarily throughMigrates primarily throughsightsightFound throughout the USFound throughout the USMigrates inMigrates in ““V-PatterV-nPattern”” forforenergy conservationenergy conservationImage court esy of U.S. Fish and W ildlife Se rvice .Canada GooseCanada GooseMigrates in V-shaped formationsMigrates in V-shaped formationsConserves energy by reducing dragConserves energy by reducing dragUp to 70% more distance associated with updraftsUp to 70% more distance associated with updraftscreated by lead birdcreated by lead birdExcellent eyesight for navigating and seeingExcellent eyesight for navigating and seeingother geeseother geeseCan see 270 degrees around headCan see 270 degrees around headMigrating speeds: 30-60 mph.Migrating speeds: 30-60 mph.Herring Gull Herring GullHave good memories Have good memoriesNavigate alongNavigate alongcoastlinescoastlinesSocial birdsSocial birdsState bird of UtahState bird of UtahImage courtesy of Adrian Pingstone.The Red-Tailed HawkThe Red-Tailed HawkQuite commonQuite common2-3 pounds (mg)2-3 pounds (mg)Migrate from AugMigrate from Augto Octoberto OctoberMigrateMigrate ““SouthSouth””Not over waterNot over waterFond of MexicoFond of MexicoImage courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.Black-Capped ChickadeeBlack-Capped ChickadeeSmall: 12-14 cm.Small: 12-14 cm.DistributedDistributedthroughout throughoutthe northern states the northern statesand andmost of Canadamost of CanadaYear-round residentsYear-round residentsEat insects, berriesEat insects, berriesAn active little birdAn active little birdImage court esy of Wikipedia.comBaltimore OrioleBaltimore OrioleWinter residence: Mexico, upper SouthWinter residence: Mexico, upper SouthAmerican countriesAmerican countriesSummer residence: Eastern NorthSummer residence: Eastern NorthAmerica (up to Ontario and Nova Scotia)America (up to Ontario and Nova Scotia)Main diet: insects (caterpillars, antsMain diet: insects (caterpillars, antsbeetles) and fruits (berries)beetles) and fruits (berries)Insects during the spring and fall; more fruitInsects during the spring and fall; more fruitbefore and during migrationbefore and during migrationOriole Migration PatternsOriole Migration PatternsImage court esy of U.S. Fish and W ildlife Se rvice .Wood DucksWood DucksWinter Residence: Southern USWinter Residence: Southern USSummer Residence: Southern CanadaSummer Residence: Southern CanadaMigrate in Pairs or small groupsMigrate in Pairs or small groupsRely heavily on sources of water:Rely heavily on sources of water:swamps, and woodland rivers and ponds;swamps, and woodland rivers and ponds;flooded fields during migration as wellflooded fields during migration as wellMigrate during the day and eat aquaticMigrate during the day and eat aquaticplants and seedsplants and seedsConnecticut Warbler MigrationConnecticut Warbler MigrationImage courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.North American FlywaysNorth American FlywaysImage courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey.Methods of NavigationMethods of NavigationNavigate by the Sun and the StarsNavigate by the Sun and the StarsEven nocturnal birdsEven nocturnal birdsMagnetic Field of the EarthMagnetic Field of the EarthChemical processes/magnetiteChemical processes/magnetiteAct as nerves giving birds aAct as nerves giving birds a ‘‘sixtsihxth’’ sensesenseLandmarksLandmarksNatural (rivers) & Man-made (highways)Natural (rivers) & Man-made (highways)Factors in MigrationFactors in MigrationWindsWindsBirds follow tailwinds to facilitate migration andBirds follow tailwinds to facilitate migration andconserve energyconserve energyFuelFuelBirds revert to a diet of fruit for more fatBirds revert to a diet of fruit for more fatLandmarks/WaterwaysLandmarks/WaterwaysLand birds (plains, shrubs) and Waterfowl (coasts,Land birds (plains, shrubs) and Waterfowl (coasts,islands)islands)Cold fronts/hot fronts affecting climateCold fronts/hot fronts affecting climateCharacteristics of MigrationCharacteristics of MigrationMost songbirds migrate at nightMost songbirds migrate at nightMust catch food during the dayMust catch food during the dayMiles/night: 300-600 miles depending onMiles/night: 300-600 miles depending onfactors like wind and rest.factors like wind and rest.So in terms of time, a 3000 mile journeySo in terms of time, a 3000 mile journeywill last about 3-4 weeks.will last about 3-4 weeks.http://www.ornithology.http://www.ornithology.com/lectures/MigrandNavigcom/lectures/MigrandNavig.htm.htlmlThe EndThe End……Photo removed for copyright