TOPICAL OUTLINELincoln Memorial UniversitySchool of NursingNursing 115 UNIT V LESSON PLAN: Senses-Comfort DATES & TIMES: See Class Schedule OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to demonstrate in the clinical/campus laboratory setting, in individual and group conferences and on written materials, the ability to: 1. Compare factors and assessment behaviors that indicate sensory alterations.2. Explain ways to maintain a safe environment for patients experiencing sensory alterations.3. Apply the nursing process as it relates to patients with an alteration in comfort. 4. Identify the major types and components of pain.5. Utilize the nursing process in developing a plan of care for patients experiencing pain. 6. Identify the techniques and rationale for selecting pain therapies. 7. Utilize therapeutic communication techniques in meeting the needs of patients having comfort needs.8. Describe psychosocial considerations for a patient with comfort needs. 9. Identify the physiologic action, use, side effects and nursing implications of the drugs used in pharmacological management of comfort needs.10. Discuss nonpharmacological pain relief measures.11. Discuss the therapeutic effects of heat and cold applications in the management of pain.12. Identify safety measures that relate to the application of heat and cold.13. Discuss patient education and nursing care of the patient receiving pain management through the use of a PCA pump.14. Identify two common narcotics administered via patient controlled analgesia (PCA) and nursing considerations related to their use.TOPICAL OUTLINEI. Sensory AlterationsA. Assessment of stimuli and behavior related to sensory alterations1. Types of sensory alterations2. Conditions of the eye and ear3. Classes of states of awareness4. Environmental stimuli5. Safe environmentB. Nursing diagnoses related to sensory alterationsC. Expected outcomes related to sensory alterationsD. Implementation of nursing care for the patient experiencing sensory alterations1. Interventions with specific sensory alterationsa. Visually impaired patientb. Hearing impaired patientc. Confused patientd. Unconscious patient2. Pharmacological managementE. Evaluation of interventions for adaptive responsesF. Documentation1II. PainA. Nursing process for Comfort1. Assessment of stimuli and behavior related to pain1. Major types of pain2. Components of Pain2. Nursing diagnosis 3. Outcome planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation of interventions for adaptive responsesB. DocumentationIII. Pain managementA. Pharmacological1. Narcotic analgesics – Opioids, p. 50 2. Non-narcotic analgesics3. NSAIDS, p. 48 4. Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)B. Non-pharmacological 1. Therapeutic effects of heat and cold2. Distraction3. Imagery4. Relaxation5. Cutaneous stimulation6. Acupuncture7. Hypnosis8. Biofeedback9. Therapeutic touchREQUIRED READINGS: Handouts re: conditions (of eye and ear) and pharmacological management areforthcoming.Karch, A. (2007). 2007 Lippincott’s nursing drug guide. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Categories as listed above in IIIA. Taylor, C., Lillis, C. & Lemone, P. (2008). Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Chapters 34 and 41.Taylor, C., Lillis, C. & Lemone, P. (2008). Study guide to accompany fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Readings to coincide with above chapters. CLINICAL SKILLS: 1. Provide for the needs of a patient with a sensory alteration.2. Provide nursing care for a patient experiencing pain.3. Assess assigned patient for data pertaining to comfort