Model Comparison to ObservationsTheory (12 points)Analysis (13 points)AT 540 – Daily Weather Laboratory – Lab 11 Model Comparison to Observations Theory (12 points) 1) Match the factors in column A with those in column B (3 points): Column A Column B Model top boundary No lateral boundaries Limited-area models Accuracy of depiction of physical characteristics and processes Lateral boundary condition source Wave reflection Global One- or two-way boundary information exchange Grid interaction Quality of boundary data inputs Surface layer boundary condition Data interpolation required at model boundaries 2) Which of the atmospheric features below can be resolved well by a 100 km resolution models that may be used for extended prediction? For each feature answer either “yes (for well resolved)”, “no (for not well resolved)” or to a “limited extent” (5 points): Feature Well Resolved? Downslope wind storm Terrain-induced precipitation maxima Upper-level jet stream Synoptic surface front Sea breeze circulation Major East coast cyclogenesis Upper level trough Outflow boundary MCS Hurricane3) Using the figure answer the following questions with one of the following options: i) Eta ii) High horizontal resolution sigma iii) Eta and high horizontal resolution sigma (4 points) 3.1 Which of the vertical coordinate systems should best represent temperature / pressure at point A? _________________________ Reason: ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3.2 Which of the vertical coordinate systems should best represent temperature / pressure at point B? _________________________ Reason: ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3.3 Which of the vertical coordinate systems should best represent temperature / pressure at point C? _________________________ Reason: ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3.4 Which of the vertical coordinate systems should best represent temperature / pressure at point D? _________________________ Reason: ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________Analysis (13 points) 4. Attach the analyzed 250 mb observation maps from the University of Wyoming weather site for each of the following times: 9 November 12Z, 10 November 12Z, & 11 November 12Z. 5. Identify the troughs and ridges with the appropriate symbols on all of the maps (models & observations). (2 points) 6. Explain the major differences between the models for: a. Analysis (1 point) b. 24-hour forecast (2 points) c. 48-hour forecast (2 points) 7. When in the forecast period do the models agree best? Why? (2 points) 8. Rank (from best to worst) the performance of each model compared to observations for the forecast period. Explain your reasoning in choosing the best model performer. (2 points) 9. What features do you look for at 250 mb when concerned with significant weather (i.e., clouds and precipitation)? For the 48-hour forecast, which locations would have the most uncertainty for significant weather due to model disagreement? (2