CMPE 257 Wireless and Mobile Networking Spring 2003 Lecture 1 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 1 Class Information Meeting time Tue and Thu 45 45pm Location BE 156 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 2 Class Information cont d Instructors J J Garcia Luna Katia Obraczka E mail katia cse Yu Wang E mail jj cse E mail ywang cse TA Kumar Viswanath E mail kumarv cse CMPE 257 Spring 2005 3 Class Information cont d Class resources Web page www cse ucsc edu classes cmpe257 Spring0 5 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 4 Course Objective Cover topics on wireless mobile networking Emphasis on wireless ad hoc networks Emphasis on MAC and above protocols CMPE 257 Spring 2005 5 Class Format Research papers In class discussion All students must have read papers beforehand CMPE 257 Spring 2005 6 Reading List Initial set of papers will provided on the class Web page Lot s of papers Stay tuned for updates as papers get added CMPE 257 Spring 2005 7 Grading 2 exams 40 Homeworks 10 Project 50 Academic integrity violations will not be tolerated Results in failing the class automatically and more If there are questions don t hesitate to ask CMPE 257 Spring 2005 8 Project Projects are individual List of suggested projects will be provided Students can pick from that list or suggest their own project CMPE 257 Spring 2005 9 Project Submission Project proposals Progress reports Project presentation and demo CMPE 257 Spring 2005 10 Topics 1 Introduction MAC layer issues Unicast routing in MANETs Multicast routing in MANETs Wireless internetworking mobile IP FLIP Topology management E2E protocols Bluetooth CMPE 257 Spring 2005 11 Topics 2 Tracking and location management Applications Security CMPE 257 Spring 2005 12 Today Introduction CMPE 257 Spring 2005 13 Wireless everywhere Remote control Cordless telephone Headsets Garage openers Badges Cell phones modems Radio Pagers Satellite TV Wireless LAN cards CMPE 257 Spring 2005 14 Wireless evolution Wireless telegraph Marconi 1896 Between then and now Radio TV Mobile phones Satellites 1960s CMPE 257 Spring 2005 15 Wireless Technologies Cellular wireless Wireless local area networks Mesh networks Satellites Multi hop wireless Wireless local loop CMPE 257 Spring 2005 16 Cellular Networks Shift from voice to data New wireless devices pagers PDAs New services Web access e mail instant messaging etc CMPE 257 Spring 2005 17 Cellular Networks Evolution Evidence of the wireless success Since 1996 number of new mobile phone subscribers exceeded number of new fixed phone subscribers 1st Generation 1G analog technology FDMA Analog FM CMPE 257 Spring 2005 18 Second Generation 2G Most of today s cellular networks use 2G standards Early 90s Digital technology Digital modulation TDMA and CDMA Lighter smaller devices with longer battery life Better reception and channel utilization CMPE 257 Spring 2005 19 Example 2G Standards TDMA standards Global System Mobile GSM Interim Standard 13 IS 136 or NDSC North and South America and Australia Pacific Digital Cellular PDC Europe Asia Australia South America Similar to IS 136 Japan CDMA standard Interim Standard 95 IS 95 North and South America Korea Japan China Australia CMPE 257 Spring 2005 20 2G Evolution Towards providing data communication New data centric standards Retrofit 2G to support higher data throughput 2 5G standards Support higher data rates for Web browsing e g WAP e mail mcommerce etc CMPE 257 Spring 2005 21 3G Wireless Networks Multi megabit Internet access VoIP ubiquitous always on access Single mobile device for everything integrated service approach New world wide standard International Mobile Telephone 2000 IMT 2000 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 22 Wireless Local Loop WLL Home Base station Office Switching Center CMPE 257 Spring 2005 23 WLL Wireless last mile Between central office and homes and businesses close by Fixed wireless service Developing countries remote areas Broadband access Microwave or millimeter radio frequencies Directional antennas Allow for very high data rate signals tens or hundreds Mbs But need LOS no obstacles CMPE 257 Spring 2005 24 Wireless Local Area Networks Local area connectivity using wireless communication IEEE 802 11 WLAN standard Example WaveLan Aironet Wireless LAN may be used for Last hop to a wireless host Wireless connectivity between hosts on the LAN CMPE 257 Spring 2005 25 802 11 Evolution Working group founded in 1987 Standard came out in 1997 Includes infrared Originally featured FH and DS But as of late 2001 only DS SS modems had been standardized for high rates 11Mbps 802 11a up to 54 Mbps in 5 GHz band 802 11b 5 5 and 11 Mbps and more CMPE 257 Spring 2005 26 Other WLAN Standards HomeRF Proponents of 802 11 frequency hoping spread spectrum FH SS HomeRF 2 0 10 Mbps FH SS HIPERLAN Europe mid 1990s Similar capability to IEEE 802 11b CMPE 257 Spring 2005 27 Bluetooth and PANs PAN personal area network Open standard for enabling various devices to communicate short range 10 m range Named after King Harald Bluetooth 10th century Viking united Denmark and Norway Home appliances office equipment wearable computing equipment CMPE 257 Spring 2005 28 Cellular Concept Motivation Early mobile radio systems Large coverage with single high powered transmitter But no frequency re use due to interference Since finite spectrum allocation need high capacity number of users with limited spectrum and wide coverage CMPE 257 Spring 2005 29 Some Cellular Terminology Mobile Base station Mobile Switching Center MSC Handoff Cell CMPE 257 Spring 2005 30 Cellular Fundamentals System level idea no major technological changes Many low power transmitters instead of single high power on large cell Service area divided into small cells covered by each low power transmitter Each transmitter or base station allocated a portion of the spectrum Nearby BSs assigned different channel group to minimize interference Scalability as more users subscribe more BSs can be added using lower transmission power CMPE 257 Spring 2005 31 Frequency Reuse E B G C A F G D E CMPE 257 Spring 2005 F 32 Handoff Handover Mobile hosts can change cells while communicating Hand off occurs when a mobile host starts communicating via a new base station Handoff decision made based on signal strength CMPE 257 Spring 2005 33 Handoff Strategies Network initiated Used in 1G Based solely on measurements of received signals from MH Each BS monitors signal strengths of mobiles with calls in progress MSC decides if handoff necessary CMPE 257 Spring 2005 34 Mobile assisted Handoffs MAHO 2G