Final Exam Review1. Which of the following is not considered to be alive?A. HIV B. Trypanosoma C. E. coli D. Cyanobacteria2. What type of organisms lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles?A. Viruses B. ProkaryotesC. Eukaryotes D. Prions3. When a cell breaks down sugar to form ATP, it may eventually produce more ATP than what isneeded. The excess ATP inhibits the enzyme at the beginning of the chemical pathway preventing further ATP production. This is an example ofA. Positive Feedback B. Negative Feedback C. Contact InhibitionD. Systems Biology4. During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. M5. Chromosomes condense during what phase of mitosis?A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prometaphase D. Prophase6. A chromosome that has been replicated and condensed has two “arms” known as A. Centromeres B. Kinetochrome C. Homologous Pairs D. Sister Chromatids7. Crossing over occurs during what phase of Meiosis?A. Prophase I B. Metaphase I C. Prophase II D. Metaphase II8. A newly discovered organism in the Amazon Rain Forest is found to have 18 autosomes and inaddition to the normal amount of sex chromosomes. How many chromosomes would this organism’s gametes have?A. 9 B. 10 C. 18 D. 209. What is the end result of meiosis?A. 2 diploid, genetically identical daughter cellsB. 2 Haploid, genetically different daughter cellsC. 4 Haploid, genetically different daughter cellsD. 4 Diploid, genetically different daughter cells10. A plant with red flowers is crossed with a plant with blue flowers. The offspring of these twoplants has purple flowers. The flower color trait is an example ofA. Codominance B. Pleiotropy C. Incomplete Dominance D. Epistasis11. What law states that 2 alleles for a heritable trait separate during gamete formation?A. Segregation B. Inheritance C. Independent Assortment D. Mendel’s12. A carrier for a genetic disease marries an individual who has the disease. What is percent chance that the children will be carriers?A. 0 B. 25 C. 50 D. 7513. A human with a genetic disorder has found that the genetic disorder is the result of aneuploidy. If normal humans have 46 chromosomes, which is the most likely number of chromosomes found in this individual?A. 23 B. 45 C. 50 D. 9214. Calico cats are the result of A. Epistasis B. Codominance C. Polygenic Inheritance D. X inactivation15. Which of the following is an aneuploidy disease?A. Hemophilia B. Malaria C. Sleeping Sickness D. Down’s Syndrome16. In a population of 350 plants, 50 are homozygous dominant, 200 are heterozygous, and 100 are homozygous recessive. How many dominant alleles are there in the population?A. 50 B. 250 C. 300 D. 35017. What is the smallest level of biological organization that can evolve?A. Organism B. Population C. Community D. Species18. Northern elephant seals were nearly hunted to extinction by humans in the past. Currently, they have rebounded in numbers, but genetically they are very similar. This is an example of theA. Genetic Drift B. Bottleneck Effect C. Extinction D. Founder Effect19. is defined as descent with modification.A. Evolution B. Natural Selection C. Inheritance D. Speciation20. Lamarck’s model of the inheritance of acquired characteristics is an accurate model of evolution.A. True B. False21. Many agricultural plants have been selectively bred for ideal traits such as increased yield formany centuries. This is an example ofA. Artificial Selection B. Natural Selection C. Descent with ModificationD. None of the above22. Which of the following is NOT a postzygotic barrier to reproduction?A. Reduced hybrid fertility B. Reduced hybrid viabilityC. Gametic incompatibility D. Increased hybrid mortality23. What type of speciation occurs when 2 populations diverge within the same area?A. Allopatric B. Diverging C. Isopatric D. Sympatric24. What species concept can’t be applied to bacteria?A. Morphological B. Ecological C. Phylogenetic D. Biological25. Which of the following domains is not prokaryotic?A. Monera B. Archaea C. Eukarya D. Bacteria26. What type of genetic recombination occurs when DNA is transferred between host cells through the use of a virus?A. Conjugation B. Meiosis C. Transduction D. Transformation27. A newly discovered bacterium lives in an ocean trench where is carries out its metabolism using sulfur. Upon being taken to the surface, it was found that this organism was capable of using oxygen. This bacterium would be considered to be a(n)A. Obligate aerobe B. Obligate anaerobe C. Facultative anaerobe D. Microaerophile28. Plasmodium, the pathogen that causes malaria, belongs to which group of protists?A. Apicomplexans B. Brown Algae C. Ciliates D. Dinoflagellates29. Is Kingdom Protista a valid taxonomic group?A. True B. False30. What type of organisms are slime molds in regards to their nutrition?A. Autotrophs B. Isotrophs C. Mixotrophs D. Heterotrophs31. Which group of plants is gametophyte dominant?A. Bryophytes B. Seedless, vascular plants C. Gymnosperms D. Angiosperms32. What type of vascular tissue is considered to be alive?A. Xylem B. Phloem C. Both D. Neither33. Which is not a phylum of seedless, vascular plant?A. Gnetophyta B. Pterophyta C. Lycophyta D. Gingkophyta34. Which of the following flower parts is considered to be female?A. Sepal B. Petal C. Stamen D. Carpel35. Triploid endosperm is the result of .A. Meiosis B. Karyogamy C. Binary Fission D. Double Fertilization36. Which of the following plant structures aids in angiosperm seed dispersal?A. Flower B. Cotelydon C. Bud D. Fruit37. Which of the following is not a fungal phylum?A. Ascomycota B. Basidiomycota C. Chytridiomycota D. Deuteromycota38. A fungus that has performed plasmogamy but not karyogamy would have what type of ploidy?A. Haploid B. Dikaryotic C. Diploid D. Triploid39. The mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots is known asA. Lichens B. Commensalism C. Mycorrhizae D. None of the above40. are animals that lack true tissues.A. Jellyfish B. Flatworms C. Nematodes D. Sponges41. If an organism lacks beta-catenin, what process would it not be ablt to complete?A. Fertilization B. Blastulation C. Cleavage D. Gastrulation42. An organism with a body cavity not completely lined with mesoderm is a(n)A. Cnidarian B. Acoelomate C. Pseudocoelomate D. Coelomate43. What class of phylum mollusca exhibits torsion?A. Polyplacaphora B. Gastropoda C. Bivalvia D.
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