WCJC Biology 2402 Rev 082110 PAGE 16 Biology 2402 The Digestive System Purpose: This lab will identify the structures of the digestive system and study the histology of selected structures. I. Anatomy of the Digestive System A. Identify the organs and structures of the alimentary canal B. Identify the structures of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas II. Histology A. Identify the layers and associated structures in the model of a cross-section of the small intestine B. Identify the structures in models of the liver and pancreas In addition to the general goals above, specific anatomical structures that the student must be able to identify are listed below. A few select structures may be added to the list at the discretion of the instructor.The Digestive System Description PageMAJOR STRUCTURESI. Oral Cavity137 A. tongue B. salivary glands 1. parotid gland 2. submandibular gland 3. sublingual gland C. dentition 143 1. central incisors 2. lateral incisors 3. canines 4. premolars/bicuspids 5. molars (1st, 2nd, 3rd) D. hard palate 1. palatine process of maxillae 2. palatine bone E. soft palate 1. uvulaII. Pharynx (also see p. 14 of handouts) 137 A. oropharynx B. nasopharynx C. laryngopharynxIII. Esophagus 136lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter or cardio-esophageal sphincter)IV. Stomach 138 A. regions 1 cardiac region 2. fundus 3. body 4. pylorus B. other structures 1. greater curvature 2. lesser curvature 3. pyloric sphincter 4. rugae C. muscularis externa 1. longitudinal layer 2. circular layer 3. oblique layerWCJC Biology 2402 Rev 082210 PAGE 17The Digestive System Description PageV. Small Intestine 136, 139, 142-143 A. regions 1. duodenum a. duodenal papilla b. plica circularis 2. jejunum 3. ileum a. ileocecal valve B. mesenteryVI. Large Intestine 136, 139, 142 A. cecum 1. vermiform appendix B. colon 1. ascending colon a. right colic (hepatic) flexure 2. transverse colon a. left colic (splenic) flexure 3. descending colon 4. sigmoid colon C. rectum 1. anal canal 2. anus D. other structures 1. greater omentum 2. haustra 3. teniae coliVII. Liver 114, 136, 139, 143 A. lobes: 1. right lobe 2. left lobe 3. caudate lobe -- 4. quadrate lobe -- B. blood entry and exit: 1. hepatic artery 2. portal vein -- 3. hepatic vein 4. inferior vena cava C. biliary tree: 1. gall bladder 2. right and left hepatic ducts 3. common hepatic duct 4. cystic duct 5. common bile ductWCJC Biology 2402 Rev 082210 PAGE 18The Digestive System Description Page D. other structures 1. falciform ligament 2. round ligament --VIII. Pancreas 136, 143 A. regions 1. head 2. body 3. tail B. major structures 1. main pancreatic duct 2. sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla (sphincter of Oddi)HISTOLOGYI. X.S. of Small Intestine 140 A. mucosa (mucous membrane) 1. lamina propria 2. muscularis mucosae 3. epithelium (simple columnar) 4. villus a. capillary of villus b. lacteal of villus c. Intestinal crypt (crypt of Leiberkuhn) B. submucosa 1. Peyer's patches 2. Brunner's gland C. muscularis externa 1. longitudinal muscles 2. circular muscles D. serosa (visceral peritoneum)II. Model of Liver Tissue 144branch of portal veinbranch of hepatic arterybile ductsinusoidscentral veinsbile canaliculihepatocyteslymphatic vessels --WCJC Biology 2402 Rev 082210 PAGE 19The Digestive System Description PageIII. Model of Pancreatic Tissue --ductal cells - exocrineacinar cells - exocrineislets of Langerhans - endocrineIV. SlidesA. pancreas -- 1. islets of Langerhans 2. acinar cellsB. liver 144 1. hepatic lobule 2. central vein 3. hepatocytes 4. sinusoidsWCJC Biology 2402 Rev 082210 PAGE