Hazardous MaterialsPowerPoint PresentationPhysical v. Chemical HazardToxic v. HazardousSlide 5Modes of TransmissionHealth AffectsWhat form do hazardous materials take?How are we protectedHow does using HM impact everyone?Costs on Highways OnlyWhat to do with HMWProblems with disposalWhat is the US doing?Slide 15Countries that address HM and WasteWhat is the world community doing?HMWSourcesHazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsProduction to DestructionOccupational Safety and Health Administration–The toxicity of a substance is its ability to cause harmful effects. –All chemicals can cause harm. –When only a very large amount of the chemical can cause damage, the chemical is considered to be relatively non-toxic. When a small amount can be harmful, the chemical is considered toxic.Physical Physical v. v. Chemical HazardChemical HazardPhysical is a danger of fire, explosion, etc. that a material can cause. This is much easier to control and measure.Chemical Hazard is the danger the material itself poses to humans/environment due to its existence.Toxic v. HazardousToxic v. HazardousThe toxicity of a substance is the potential of that substance to cause harm, and is only one factor in determining whether a hazard exists. The hazard of a chemical is the practical likelihood that the chemical will cause harm. A chemical is determined to be a hazard depending on the following factors: –toxicity: how much of the substance is required to cause harm, –route of exposure: how the substance enters your body–dose : how much enters your bodyToxic v. HazardousToxic v. Hazardous–duration: the length of time you are exposed, –reaction and interaction: other substances you are exposed to, and – sensitivity: how your body reacts to the substance compared to othersModes of TransmissionModes of TransmissionSkin ContactInhalationIngestionEye ContactHealth AffectsHealth AffectsAcute – Meaning they act immediately like producing a cough, watery eyes, nausea, etc.Chronic Affects – Meaning the effect they have is long term and sometimes cumulative. X-ray exposure, noxious cleaning chemicals, etc.What form do hazardous What form do hazardous materials take?materials take?SolidLiquidGasVaporDustFumeFiberMistHow are we protectedHow are we protectedWorkers must have access to MSDS sheets of materials they work withTrucks are placardedWarning Labels on ContainersRivalry between EPA and OSHA keeps everyone on their toesHow does using HM impact How does using HM impact everyone?everyone?Insurance ratesInjuries/DeathCleanupEnvironmental DamageEvacuationProduct LossTraffic DelaysCosts on Highways OnlyCosts on Highways Only2,484 Accidents/yr Accidents = $1.2 B/yr–Includes:losses of productemergency vehiclesInsuranceDeathsand cleanupWhat to do with HMWWhat to do with HMWIncinerateLandfillChemically TreatResource RecoveryDeep Injection WellsExportProblems with disposalProblems with disposalCostly, in most cases the cost of fines for release are much less expensive than cost of proper disposalLack of SpaceEnvironmental RacismWhat is the US doing?What is the US doing?Cercla – Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation And Liability Act of 1980Resource Conservation and Recovery ActSuperfund Program taxes oil refineries and hazardous materials producers and uses these to finance cleanup of these sites once they are unusable. National Priorities List rates these. Not surprisingly this is not enough to pay for pollution/cleanupWhat is the US doing?What is the US doing?Transporters of waste and materials are charged a fee–This money is used to fund grants for states to train Hazardous Emergency Response Teams and develop planning for such emergenciesCountries that address HM Countries that address HM and Wasteand WasteThese are mostly taxes/fees for dumping hazardous wastesFranceSpainBelgium among othersWhat is the world community What is the world community doing?doing?Basel Convention (ESM - environmentally sound management)–US has not ratifiedHMWHMWHazardous waste taxes are a statistically and economically significant deterrent to interstate waste transport, that taxes are being imposed by large-capacity and large-import states, and that therefore these taxes have had a decentralizing effect on the" national pattern of hazardous waste transport and
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