PSCI 1040 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture The President Outline of Current Lecture Written Rules of Conduct Promotion Based on Achievement Functions of Bureaucracies The Spoils System Key Reforms Pendleton Act Hatch Act The Cabinet Current Lecture Bureaucracy WRITTEN RULES OF CONDUCT Specified and explicit rules Norms and past practice not sufficient ex police officer giving a ticket to someone who parked in the wrong place getting a coffee Person says oh I know I parked in the wrong spot I was just getting something Police officer says ticket has already been started once they start writing a ticket they have to finish it The number of tickets is counted Promotion Based on Achievement merit based promotion Seniority not sufficient These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Specialized Division of Labor Workers specialize Workers and work matched on the basis of specialization given work based on a specific skill set Efficiency Processes and procedures designer for maximum efficiency Goal is provide uniform services for maximum numbers of clients Level of impersonality in a bureaucracy because there are multiple different people who have specific specialized jobs and are impersonal with us ex Driver s license and registration office FUNCTIONS OF BUREACRACIES Three Functions provide expertise bureaucrats sort out the details of information legislatures establish broad and general laws and rules and bureaucrats make things more specific provide information to congress to the president Implement the law THE SPOILS SYSTEM Took hold with the explosion in the number of federal employees during the Civil War Indirectly resulted in assassination of a president 4 assassinated altogether Advantages and Disadvantages of the Spoils System Positive helped immigrants adjust to the realities of urban life in the US Negative contributed to the negative image of American bureaucracies Progressive Movement A political movement to reform the political system Key Reforms Australian Ballot voting in secret Primary Elections Civil Service Reforms The Pendleton Act 1883 Pendleton Act Passed 1883 Classified some but not all positions in the federal civil service system merit based staffing Hatch Act A 1939 law prohibiting federal employees from engaging in political campaigning and solicitation Thought to be the end of any vestiges of the Spoils System The Cabinet Inner cabinet The Four original departments State Defense Treasury and Justice whose secretaries typical have the closest ties to the president Outer cabinet Newer departments that have fewer ties to the president and are more influences by interest groups Independent Executive Agencies Intended to permit quick action inn a presidential policy priority Members selected by president with senatorial approval serve at the pleasure of the president Examples central intelligence agency Independent Regulatory Agencies Designed to maximize independence Run by boards of commissioners Members selected by president with senatorial approval removable only for cause examples Consumer product safety commission FCC Monitor Tv and radio to keep programming at a certain level of decency for times Government Corporations Business established by Congress Activities could theoretically be handled by a private firm Typically run by a CEO Under the supervision of a board of directors Examples Federal deposit insurance corporation US postal service recent argument do we relay need a postal service