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SCCC BIO 130 - Study Guide

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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Structure of a Generalized Cell-plasma membrane-cytoplasm:cytosolorganelles-nucleusBIO130 Lab 2 Exercise 4 The Cell: AnatomyA Quick Tour Through A CellPlay TourOfAnimalCell.mpg-phospholipid bilayer-separates cell contents from environmentPlasma membraneRibosomes-site of proteins synthesis-free in cytoplasm or-bound to endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-membrane tubes and sacs-two types: RER & SERRough ER-membrane sacs studded with ribosomes-synthesizes proteins for use in plasma membrane or for secretionSmooth ER-membrane tubules-site of lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, drug detoxification, & ion storageGolgi Apparatus-stack of membrane sacs-has associated vesicles-modifies, sorts, & packages proteins for export or use in plasma membraneRole of the Golgi ApparatusLysosomes-membrane vesicles-contain digestive enzymes-break down old organelles, large molecules, & pathogensPeroxisomes-membrane sacs-contain oxidases-neutralize free radicals and toxinsMitochondria-double membrane wall-inner membrane folded into cristae-oxidize food to generate ATP- “powerhouse of the cell”Centrioles-paired cylindrical bodies-organize mitotic spindle during mitosis-form base of cilia and flagellaCytoskeletonFigure 3.24-protein filaments -create internal framework of cell: for structure & support-important in cell mobilityNucleus-in center of cell-contains DNA: genetic materialNuclear EnvelopeNucleoli-double membrane-separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm-has pores to allow molecule exchange with cytoplasm-dense area in nucleus-site of ribosome productionChromatin-loose, thread-like DNA-open form of DNA found in cells that are not dividingChromosomes-tightly wound DNA-dense, bar-like form of DNA that forms when cells begin mitosis for cell division (46 in humans)Frog SkinFrog Skin(simple squamous epithelium)(simple squamous epithelium)4X objective(40X)10X objective(100X)40X objective(400X)Pentagon cells with visible nucleiTeased Smooth MuscleTeased Smooth Muscle4X objective(40X)10X objective(100X)40X objective(400X)Long, stringy cells with enlargements at nucleiHuman Sperm CellHuman Sperm Cell4X objective(40X)10X objective(100X)40X objective(400X)Tiny cells with visible nuclei and long flagellaHuman Blood SmearHuman Blood Smear(red blood cells)(red blood cells)WBCRBC4X objective(40X)10X objective(100X)40X objective(400X)Tiny round cells: red blood cells lack nuclei, white blood cells have visible and often multi-lobed nucleiBIO132 Lab 2 Exercise 5 or 5A The Cell: Transport Mechanisms and Cell PermeabilityThe cell membrane: a selectively permeable barrierPlay MembraneBarrier.movPlay MembraneSelectivity.swfPassive TransportDiffusion Through the Plasma MembraneDiffusion: net movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Occurs due to the constant and random motion of molecules.Play Diffusion.movPassive Transport: Diffusion Through the Plasma MembraneDiffusion: net movement of solutes from an area of high conc. to an area of low conc.Play FatWaterSolu.movPlay FacilDiffusion.movPlay Diffusion.swfPassive TransportDiffusion Through the Plasma MembraneDiffusion: net movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration: requires no energy from the cell-Simple diffusion: through the phospholipid membrane-Facilitated diffusion: through a protein: a channel or a transport proteinDiffusion Through the Plasma MembraneDiffusion: net movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reachedSolutes move to bring the system to equilibrium.But what if the solutes are not free to move?•Occurs when the concentration of a solvent is different on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane •Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane•Osmolarity – total concentration of solute particles in a solution, a driving force of water movementOsmosis:Water molecules come to equilibriumWater moves when the solutes cannot•Isotonic – solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol: no net movement of water•Hypertonic – solutions having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol: net movement of water out of the cell (can cause crenation)•Hypotonic – solutions having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol: net movement of water into the cell (can cause lysis)Tonicity – how a solution effects cell volumePlay OsmoticEffectsRBC.mpgActive TransportMovement against the concentration gradientRequires work/energy input from the cellPlay ActiveTransport.swfPlay Exocytosis.swfPlay Pinocytosis.swfPlay Phagocytosis.swfPhagocytosis: “cell eating”, cell engulfs extracellular material via pseudopods and internalizes it in a vesicle for digestion in the lysosomePseudopodsPlayAmoeba.mpgPhagocytosisPlay Neutrophil.mpgPlay MO-phago.movPlay MO-phago2.movBeaker SacInitial weightFinal weightWeight changeTests- beaker fluidTests- sac fluid1 Water 40% GlucoseX grams2 40% Glucose40% GlucoseX grams3 Water 10% NaClX grams4 Water40% Sucrose Congo Red DyeX gramsDiffusion Through Nonliving MembranesBeaker SacInitial weightFinal weightWeight changeTests- beaker fluidTests- sac fluid1 Water 40% GlucoseX gramsmoreincrease2 40% Glucose40% GlucoseX grams3 Water 10% NaClX grams4 Water40% Sucrose Congo Red DyeX gramsDiffusion Through Nonliving MembranesBeaker SacInitial weightFinal weightWeight changeTests- beaker fluidTests- sac fluid1 Water 40% GlucoseX gramsmoreincreaseyellow++glucose2 40% Glucose40% GlucoseX grams3 Water 10% NaClX grams4 Water40% Sucrose Congo Red DyeX gramsDiffusion Through Nonliving MembranesBeaker SacInitial weightFinal weightWeight changeTests- beaker fluidTests- sac fluid1 Water 40% GlucoseX gramsmoreincreaseyellow++glucoseorange+++glucose2 40% Glucose40% GlucoseX grams3 Water 10% NaClX grams4 Water40% Sucrose Congo Red DyeX gramsDiffusion Through Nonliving MembranesBeaker SacInitial weightFinal weightWeight changeTests- beaker fluidTests- sac fluid1 Water 40% GlucoseX gramsmoreincreaseyellow++glucoseorange+++glucose2 40% Glucose40% GlucoseX gramssame none X X3 Water 10%


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SCCC BIO 130 - Study Guide

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