MARIETTA BIOL 131 - Biol 131 Question bank Cell Structure

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Biol 131 Question bank Cell StructureYou are expected to bring completed study questions to the evening study session. Answer these study questions by referencing the relevant sections of the textbook. The written explanations are the most important part of your answers and key to learning of concepts.1. Assume that the cube to the right has edges 4 inches long. A. The surface area of each side of the cube is _____ in2, and the total surface area of this cube is _____ in2.The volume of this cube is _____ in3.The surface/volume ratio of this cube is _____ .B. If this cube was cut up into 64 one inch square cubes, what would be the Surface/volume ratio of each cube? _____Show calculations:C. Which would have the larger surface/volume ratio: small bacterial cell or larger eukaryotic cell (circle)2. For your biology capstone research project you have decided to study the properties of epithelial cells that line the trachea of mice. You find that these cells can be grown in cell culture and retain many of their in vivo properties. Since learning how to use different types of microscopy is an important part of your project, you must decide which technique would be most appropriateto make different types of observations. Which type of microscopy would you recommend in order to:A. create time-lapse video of the cells moving and dividing.___________________B. count the number of cilia on the cell surface.___________________C. show where the protein myosin occurs in the cell.___________________D. monitor general appearance of the cells in the culture plate: ___________________E. examine the arrangement of ER in the cell:___________________Biol 131 Question Bank Cell StructurePage 1ChoicesBright fieldFluorescenceDICScanning electron microscopyTransmission electron microscopy3. Answer the following questions to best understand the relative sizes of different objects.A. Review the basic structures of the following six items, and pair them together as follows:a. Human body cell d. Ribosomeb. Mitochondrion e. Protozoanc. Virus f. Bacteria1. ___ and ___ are similar in size and smallest 2. ___ and ___ are similar in size and next largest 3. ___ and ___ are similar in size and largestB. In the scale bar below, cm (10-2 M) = centimeter mm (10-3 M) = ___________________ μm (10-6 M) = _________________ nm (10-9 M) = ____________________C. Place each pair of items on the scale bar below (using corresponding numbers).4. Many antibiotics (such as erythromycin) inhibit bacterial growth by blocking protein synthesis. A. With which component of the cytoplasm would you expect these antibiotics to interact?________________________B. Explain why antibiotics like erythromycin can inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria but not that of the humans (or other eukaryotes)? (Hint: what is an in important difference in the structure of a cellular component of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes?)5. Eukaryotic cells have an extensive and complex cytoskeleton, yet prokaryotic organisms lack a cytoskeleton. Identify 2 functions of eukaryotic cells that are dependent upon the cytoskeleton, and explain why each function are not important to prokaryotes.Why not important in prokaryotes1. ________________________ :2. ________________________ :Biol 131 Question Bank Cell StructurePage 26. You have grown a culture of human cells and discover that it is heavily contaminated with bacteria. Which of the following procedures will most likely eliminate the bacteria without killing the human cells?A. Treating the culture with a drug that causes microtubules to fall apart.B. Diluting a small portion of the contaminated culture with 1000 times as much fresh nutrient broth and regrowing the cells.C. Treating the culture with a drug that damages DNA.D. Treating the culture with a drug that dissolves cell walls.E. Treating the culture with a detergent that destroys cell membranes.Explain your selection:7. When cells (or entire organisms) are heated, proteins called ‘Heat Shock Proteins’ (HSP) are produced. There are many different types, and they are usually referred to as HSP70, HSP60, HSP25, etc., where the number represents the molecular weight of the protein in Kd (Kilodaltons). These proteins are now known to be ‘chaperone’ proteins.A. What does heating do to the structure a protein? ________________________B. What are the functions of chaperone proteins? _________________________C. How would you explain the dramatic increase in HSP synthesis under heated conditions?D. What is a ‘dalton’? ________________________________- How many daltons are in a 75Kd protein? _______________- If the average molecular weight of an amino acid is 135d, approximately how many AAs would be expected in HSP70? _____________Show calculation: 8. Circle the appropriate cell type in which the listed structure or molecule can be found. Note that the structure or molecule can be found in more than one type of cell type or virus.Structure or Molecule Is found in this Cell Type or Virus? ___Eukaryotes___ Prokaryote noncellularA. nucleic acids animal plant bacterial virusB. nucleus animal plant bacterial virusC. cell membrane animal plant bacterial virusD. chloroplast animal plant bacterial virusE. cell wall animal plant bacterial virusF. lysosome animal plant bacterial virusG. mitochondrion animal plant bacterial virusH. protein coat animal plant bacterial virusBiol 131 Question Bank Cell StructurePage 39. Your friend has just returned from a deep sea mission and claims to have found a new single-celled life form. He believes this new life form may not have descended from the common ancestor that all types of life on Earth share. However, he’s never taken Cell Biology, so he asks you determine whether his claim is true. In order to verify or dispute your friend’s claim, you realize that you must first make a list of characteristics common to all prokaryotes and eukaryotes, so that you can check whether this new life form is different in some fundamental characteristic from all other types of life on Earth. So you generate a list of traits shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What would you place on that list?Characteristics shared by prokaryotes and Eukaryotes10. Examine the picture to the right and answer thefollowing questions.A. What type of organelle is this?______________________B. Redraw the


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