Chapter 1Q&AMicrobes in Our LivesSlide 4Slide 5Designer Jeans: Made by Microbes?Slide 7Check Your UnderstandingNaming and Classifying MicroorganismsSlide 10Scientific NamesEscherichia coliStaphylococcus aureusSlide 14Slide 15Types of MicroorganismsSlide 17BacteriaArchaeaFungiProtozoaAlgaeVirusesMulticellular Animal ParasitesClassification of MicroorganismsSlide 26A Brief History of MicrobiologySlide 28The First ObservationsSlide 30The Debate over Spontaneous GenerationEvidence Pro and ConSlide 33Slide 34Slide 35The Theory of BiogenesisSlide 37Slide 38The Golden Age of MicrobiologyFermentation and PasteurizationSlide 41The Germ Theory of DiseaseSlide 43Slide 44VaccinationThe Birth of Modern ChemotherapyThe First Synthetic DrugsA Fortunate Accident—AntibioticsSlide 49Slide 50Modern Developments in MicrobiologySlide 52Recombinant DNA TechnologySlide 54Nobel Prizes for Microbiology ResearchSlide 56Microbes and Human WelfareMicrobial EcologyBioremediationBiological InsecticidesBiotechnologySlide 62Slide 63Microbes and Human DiseaseNormal MicrobiotaNormal Microbiota on Human TongueSlide 67BiofilmsSlide 69Infectious DiseasesAvian influenza AMRSAWest Nile EncephalitisBovine Spongiform EncephalopathyEscherichia coli O157:H7Ebola Hemorrhagic FeverCryptosporidiosisAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)Slide 79Slide 80Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Lectures prepared by Christine L. CaseChapter 1The Microbial World and YouCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Q&AAdvertisements tell you that bacteria and viruses are all over your home and that you need to buy antibacterial cleaning products. Should you?Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Learning ObjectivesMicrobes in Our Lives1-1 List several ways in which microbes affect our lives.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Microbes in Our LivesMicroorganisms are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eyeGerm refers to a rapidly growing cellCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Microbes in Our LivesA few are pathogenic (disease-causing) Decompose organic wasteAre producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesisProduce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetoneProduce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and breadProduce products used in manufacturing (e.g., cellulase) and treatment (e.g., insulin)Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Applications of Microbiology, p. 3Designer Jeans: Made by Microbes?Stone-washing: TrichodermaCotton: GluconacetobacterDebleaching: Mushroom peroxidaseIndigo: E. coliPlastic: Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoateCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Microbes in Our LivesKnowledge of microorganismsAllows humans toPrevent food spoilagePrevent disease occurrenceLed to aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in medicine and in microbiology laboratoriesCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Check Your UnderstandingDescribe some of the destructive and beneficial actions of microbes. 1-1Check Your UnderstandingCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Learning ObjectivesNaming and Classifying Microorganisms1-2 Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and a specific epithet.1-3 Differentiate the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms.1-4 List the three domains.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Naming and Classifying MicroorganismsLinnaeus established the system of scientific nomenclatureEach organism has two names: the genus and specific epithetCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Scientific NamesAre italicized or underlined. The genus is capitalized, and the specific epithet is lowercase.Are “Latinized” and used worldwide.May be descriptive or honor a scientist.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Escherichia coliHonors the discoverer, Theodor EscherichDescribes the bacterium’s habitat—the large intestine, or colonCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Staphylococcus aureusDescribes the clustered (staphylo-) spherical (cocci) cellsDescribes the gold-colored (aureus) coloniesCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Scientific NamesAfter the first use, scientific names may be abbreviated with the first letter of the genus and the specific epithet:Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are found in the human body. E. coli is found in the large intestine, and S. aureus is on skin.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Check Your UnderstandingCheck Your UnderstandingDistinguish a genus from a specific epithet. 1-2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Types of MicroorganismsBacteriaArchaeaFungiProtozoaAlgaeVirusesMulticellular animal parasitesCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 1.1Types of MicroorganismsCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 1.1aBacteriaProkaryotesPeptidoglycan cell wallsBinary fissionFor energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesisCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 4.5bArchaeaProkaryoticLack peptidoglycanLive in extreme environmentsIncludeMethanogensExtreme halophilesExtreme thermophilesCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 1.1bFungiEukaryotesChitin cell wallsUse organic chemicals for energyMolds and mushrooms are multicellular, consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphaeYeasts are unicellularCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 1.1cProtozoaEukaryotesAbsorb or ingest organic chemicalsMay be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagellaCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 1.1dAlgaeEukaryotesCellulose cell wallsUse photosynthesis for energyProduce molecular oxygen and organic compoundsCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 1.1eVirusesAcellularConsist of DNA or RNA coreCore is surrounded by a protein coatCoat may be enclosed in a lipid envelopeViruses are replicated only when they are in a living host cellCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 12.29Multicellular Animal ParasitesEukaryotesMulticellular animalsParasitic flatworms and roundworms are called helminths.Microscopic stages in life cycles.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Classification of MicroorganismsThree domainsBacteriaArchaeaEukaryaProtistsFungiPlantsAnimalsCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Check Your UnderstandingCheck Your