Journal article style thesis Main Introduction [Literature review - optional] Objectives Chapter 1 (Article 1)– Introduction (shorter than above)– Objective(s)– Methods (more detailed than for journal article)– Results and discussion (and brief conclusions)Journal article style thesis Chapter 2 (Article 2)– Introduction (shorter than above)– Objective(s)– Methods (more detailed than for article)– Results and discussion (and brief conclusions) Chapter 3 (Article 3)–…. Chapter 4 (Overall Conclusions) References AppendixOrganizing Organize by objectives Talk with your major professor before youstart to write Look at other recent theses/dissertationsChoosing a Journal Appropriate to content of article– Have similar topics been covered in thatjournal? Similar length? What audience do you want to read your article? What is the role of “prestige” in journal selection? Regional, national or international? Is timeliness important? Page charges? Other considerations?Journal article outline Title page Abstract page Introduction– Objectives Methods– Field experiments– Lab experiments Results and Discussion– Field experiments– Lab experiments [Conclusions]Title May be the only thing people see. Shows up in:– Literature citations– Literature searches– Your vitae Essential that it be:– Informative– Specific– Appropriate for the audienceWriting a title List key words Chose the most important key words Be specific Be complete Put important words first– (e.g., not “effects of” or “observations on”)Writing a title (continued) Use common name of insect if it’s an Ent. Soc. ofAmerica journal (see journal for examples)– Give order and family Otherwise, generally use scientific name– With some descriptive word or words (e.g., thecarabid beetle Bembidion quadrimaculatum)Introduction Two goals– Give readers background so they canunderstand the problem and the paper– Clearly state the problem and objectives Broad beginning - start at a level that most or allreaders already know Introduce the main focus or foci– e.g., tell about your insect– Introduce your ecological systemIntroduction Start broad and narrow down to objectives Perhaps give goal or goals (broad, long term) Specific Objectives - final paragraph Objectives should be specific enough to define theexperimental methods [Some authors and journals include brief methodsand results in the Introduction]Scientific names Always cite the full scientific name and author thefirst time it is used in the abstract and again in theintroduction -– Genus, species, author After that, the name can be abbreviated as G.species If other species in the same genus have alreadybeen listed, still give the full genus name the firsttime.Citations Generally put citations at the end of the sentenceor the end of the thought– Blah, blah, blah (Smith and Jones 1998, Murray1999) Do not list authors as part of the text unlessauthorship is important (e.g., breakthroughresearch, unusual results)– Smith and Jones showed for the first time thatblah blah (1998)Citations, continued (PROC GLM, SAS Institute 2001) for softwareuser's manual in text. In reference list:– SAS Institute. 2001. PROC user's manual,version 6th ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.  List citations in chronological order» (Jones 1997, Brower 1999) Personal communication– (L. J. Smith, personal communication)– Letter or email documentation required byeditorCitations, continued Unpublished data (your own)– (unpublished)– (E.G., unpublished) Articles that have been accepted for publication– Smith (in press) Web sites– By author or “anonymous”– List site and most recent date accessedReferences cited See Day and Gastel chapter 15 See your specific journal– Follow those guidelines exactly Keep a full list of references– condense or format (number order, etc.) duringthe last revision before submitting– Keep this full reference list for future use Use Zotero, End Notes, etc.References cited(after final revisions) Review all references in text to be sure they arecited in References section Review all references in Ref Cited section to besure they are in text[This is tiresome but important]Present vs. past tense in citing previouswork What someone did is past tense:e.g. “Smith and Jones (1998) measured black flypopulations in streams.” Accepted knowledge is present tense:e.g., “Black flies inhabit streams (Smith and Jones 1998).” If their results were a special case: “In their study, Smithand Jones (1998) found black flies in streams. However,Brown and Cummins…” For your results, use past tense: “We found black flies instreams.”See Day and Gastel p. 191-193Acronyms/Text abbreviations Acronym - a word formed from an abbreviation Text abbreviations (DNA)– Do not use abbreviations, if possible» Confuses the reader» Disrupts reading and interpretation process– Use abbreviations if they are commonlyaccepted in your field» DNA, PCR, IPM, etc.– Spell out and define the first time in Intro and inAbstractWriting Blocks A barrier to free expression of ideas on paper - justcan’t get going or keep going- Symptoms– Procrastination– Anxiety– Guilt– Restlessness– Missed deadlines Why do you get blocked?– Technical problems– Internal critic Everything I do starts out a mess. You’d beembarrassed to have anybody look at it. And youjust have to sit with it and push it around- andthrow half of it out, and take the other half andmush that around a little bit. It just takes time.Most people just give up. GarrisonKeeler, A Prairie Home CompanionWriting Blocks (continued) Unblocking at:– Writing the rough draft» Seize a creative moment» Make a writing appointment Pick a time of day that is “up” for you» Get started and keep going Turn off your inside critic» Non-stops - short timed start and stopWriting Blocks (continued)» Don’t get side-tracked by… Telephone, email Need a specific reference, spelling Finding the perfect words» Put in notes or reminders and keep going“…here I need to say something about xxx…”Writing Blocks (continued) Unblocking at:– Revising and polishing» Now you turn on your “critic”» Take a break after