CUBA POWER POINT SHOWCUBAN REVOLUTIONDave, Marsha, Art, Joel, Renae, Judith, Fred, Dave, Justin, RamseyHe was Afro-Cuban, as were most of his soldiers; He advocated abolitionAntonio Maceo led rebels in the war of independence, and made contact with Martí. Máximo Gómez and Maceo travelled west to Las Villas, Matanzas, and Pinar del Río, burning cane fields, plantations, and towns.Destruction of property led the Americans to support independence.Maceo was killed by the Spanish in 1896.The U.S. intervened again in 1923 to put down a rebellion; low sugar prices led to unrestThe U.S. supported him and abrogated the Platt Amendment in 1934His father’s estate was 10,000 acres, employed 500 workersPeople rose up, and authorities fled in terrorHaving lost Washingon’s support, Batista fled in 1959Consejo de Estado Asamblea Nacional del Poder PopularIn 1959, Castro eliminated large plantations, expropriated U.S. property—sugar mills, Texaco, Standard, Shell, electrical & phone companies, Coca Cola, nickel minesAll medical services are freeCUBA POWER POINT SHOWCUBAN REVOLUTION1 In 1512 Diego Velázquez de Cuellar landed on the eastern tip of Cuba and began the conquest. The Spaniards slaughtered 1000s of indigenous inhabitants. Encomienda forced Indians to labor for Spaniards; it was abolished in 1542. Only 5000 remained by 1550; African slaves introduced.U.S. independence in 1776: U.S. provided 1/3 of Cuba’s imports, purchased ½ of its exports; U.S. tried to annex Cuba2 The Cross-Cultural Solutions Group: Dave, Marsha, Art, Joel, Renae, Judith, Fred, Dave, Justin, RamseyDonna, Anne, Judy, Meryle, Cecilia, Meital 3 José Martí Monument (1853-95)Hero of Cuban independence, great Hispanic writer. Martí spent 14 years in exile after being arrested for treason.he was from a poor immigrant family In 1848 the U.S. tried to buy Cuba from Spain. The 10 years’ war (1868-78) began with a slave rebellion led by Carlos Céspedes; Martí (age 16) took part in a revolt, was sentenced to 6 years;authorities found a note he wrote to a schoolmate supporting revolution & opposing colonial rule; he was exiled in 1871the struggle for independence from Spain was lost.It decimated the landowning class & hindered formation of a landed elite; the U.S. filled that void (sugar mills, merchant houses) Martí went to the university in Spain; then NYMartí detested U.S. materialism and exploitation of the poor; he advocated racial equality. He published articles denouncing U.S. imperialismHe returned to Cuba in 1878 under an amnesty for political exiles andwas shocked at the treatment of black slaves in Cuba; he and Cuban nationalists went into exile and plotted a new rebellion. Slavery was abolished in 1886 He founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party in 1892; war broke out in 1895. Sec. of State James Blaine: “Cuba is the key to the gulf of Mexico…and extended trade in the W. Hemisphere. Cuba must…become American and not fall under any other European domination” Fearful of U.S. imperialism, and annexation,Martí returned to Cuba in 1895 to lead the 2nd war of independence; The U.S. seized the ships and he was killed, leaving Antonio Maceo and Máximo Gómez to lead the war. The U.S. which had been trying to purchase Cuba, snatched victory from them 3 years later.4 José Martí: He also fought for social justice and would have disparaged the lack of freedom of expression under the Castro regime5 José Martí Tomb in Santiago de CubaBoth Cuban exiles in Florida and Revolutionaries in Cuba claim their heritage from Martí6 Monument to Antonio Maceo, Santiago de Cuba (with machetes)This is actually 2 monuments, one of Maceos and the other the machetes representing the revolution.He was Afro-Cuban, as were most of his soldiers; He advocated abolitionAntonio Maceo led rebels in the war of independence, and made contact with Martí. Máximo Gómez and Maceo travelled west to Las Villas, Matanzas, and Pinar del Río, burning cane fields, plantations, and towns. Destruction of property led the Americans to support independence.Maceo was killed by the Spanish in 1896.7 Monument to the MaineIn 1898 the U.S. sent the battleship Maine to Havana; it mysteriously exploded. The U.S. declared war on Spain and attacked the Spanish at San Juan Hill, Santiago de Cuba. Theodore Wilson led the “Rough Riders” and claimed victory (we were informed he was never really there, but 2 km. away) and the Spaniards surrendered (Spanish-American War).The U.S. occupied Cuba from 1899-1902. Its goals: to make Cuba aprotectorate; to repair destruction from the war; to absorb Cuba into the U.S. economic sphere This victory began 60 years of neocolonial rule. In 1903 the Platt Amendment was declared and Guantanamo Bay established (until 1934).Tomas Estrada (1st president) favored annexation; after a revolt in 1905 the Marines occupied Cuba from 1906-09Charles Magoon, Minnesota judge, presided over an American provisional governmentThe U.S. intervened again in 1923 to put down a rebellion; low sugar prices led to unrestWarren Harding sent Gen. Crowder to Cuba where he ruled from the Battleship Minnesota By the 1920s the U.S. owned 2/3 of Cuban farmland. 8 The sugar workers’ strike took place during the Machado regime. There was also a women’s demonstration against Machado (no photo).Gerardo Machado (1871-1939), was President 1925-33. His was the most corrupt and brutal governments in Cuba’s history.He eliminated opponents by throwing them to the sharks in Havana HarborHe used censorship, repression to quell rebellions. He bribed the military to gain support, outlawed political parties, controlled congress. Poverty increased and lack of food led workers to strike. 9 Fulgencio Bastista (1901-73) seized power in 1933.The U.S. supported him and abrogated the Platt Amendment in 1934 He ruled through puppet presidents until 1940, then as president from1940-44 and 1952-59. Batista’s regime harbored the mafia (Meyer Lansky, Santos Traficante) and crushed any opposition. Prostitution catered to American tourists. He suspended constitutional guarantees, censured the press, and arrested opponents. U.S. Corporations were awarded huge construction contracts in Cuba. FDR abrogated the Platt Amendment in 1934.10 El Congreso Femenino celebrado en 1939 defendió los derechos de la mujer.“Women workers and peasants” “Woman your hour has arrived”“Struggle for lowering of rents, medicines, and