4C--Lecture 15: Fascist EuropeIV. The Italian ExampleLecture 14—The Russian Revolution and The Early Soviet Union, 1917-1939I. Introduction: Russia’s women start a RevolutionII. The Setting: Imperial Russia—An Old Regime—Czar, aristocrats, peasants, workersand aristocratsIII. February RevolutionA. CausesB. Dual Power—Provisional Government and the SovietsC. Socialists: Social Revolutionaries; Mensheviks, Bolsheviks (V.I. Lenin, What isto Be Done?)D. Erosion of Dual PowerIV. The October(Bolshevik) RevolutionA. Bolsheviks in Power, 1918-22: Peace, Land and BreadB. War CommunismV. The Early Soviet State, 1922-28A. A New Empire, The U.S.S.RB. A New CultureC. A New Economy, N.E.P., 1921-27VI. Stalin, (1928-39): The Five Year Plans; Purges and Terror\4C--Lecture 15: Fascist EuropeI. Introduction: Fascism and the Crisis of ModernityII. Fascism defined: A New Right?III. Methods and AppealIV. The Italian ExampleA. Disillusionment and crisis after the WarB. Benito Mussolini (1883-1945), "I am Fascism"1. background2. early program, 19193. politics of violence, squadristi4. seizure of power and the March on Rome (Oct. 1923)C. The Fascist State: we wish to make the nation FascistV. The German ExampleA. Germany after the War--Revolution and lossB. Economic upheaval--inflation and depressionC. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)1. background2. early attempts: the Beer Hall Putsch and prison3. Mein Kampf (1924)4. appointed Chancellor (1933)4C: Lectures 18 and 19: World War Two and the HolocaustI. IntroductionII. Origins of the War-Hitler's war aims: Mein Kampf-dismantling of the Versailles Treaty, 1933-38: rebuilding the military,occupying the Rhineland -road to war, 1938-39: Austria and Czechoslovakia-policy of appeasement, 1933-39: Neville ChamberlainIII. The Nature of the War-Blitzkrieg and the technology of war-Global Blitzkrieg-Winston Churchill (1874-1965) becomes Prime Minister of England, 1940-Battle of Britain, summer and fall of 1940-War in the East, Operation Barbarossa-The New OrderIV. The Holocaust--legal exclusions from the nation, 1930s: Nuremberg Laws--the "Final Solution" --the Jewish ResponseV. The End to the War--Allies