Research Methods in PsychologyQuestion 1Question 2Question 3Question 4Question 5Question 6Question 7Question 8Question 9Question 10Question 11Question 12Question 13Question 14Question 15AnswersBonus Question 1Bonus Question 2Bonus Question 3Bonus Question 4Bonus Question 5Bonus Question 6Bonus Question 7Bonus Question 8Bonus Question 9Bonus Question 10Answers to bonus questions11Research Methods Research Methods in Psychologyin PsychologyReview for Exam 1Review for Exam 122Question 1Question 1The kind of everyday, nonscientific The kind of everyday, nonscientific data gathering that shapes our data gathering that shapes our beliefs and directs our behavior beliefs and directs our behavior toward others has been called toward others has been called _________________._________________.a)a)nonscientific inferencenonscientific inferenceb)b)commonsense psychologycommonsense psychologyc)c)commonsense inferencecommonsense inferenced)d)nonscientific psychologynonscientific psychologye)e)quasiexperimental psychologyquasiexperimental psychology33Question 2Question 2Which hypothesis is actually tested Which hypothesis is actually tested using inferential statistics such as using inferential statistics such as the t-test?the t-test?a)a)research hypothesisresearch hypothesisb)b)experimental hypothesisexperimental hypothesisc)c)alternative hypothesisalternative hypothesisd)d)null hypothesisnull hypothesise)e)Both c and dBoth c and d44Question 3Question 3The principle of The principle of modus tollens modus tollens is is also called ______________:also called ______________:a)a)Law of parsimonyLaw of parsimonyb)b)Law of effectLaw of effectc)c)Occam’s razor bladeOccam’s razor bladed)d)Method of verificationMethod of verificatione)e)none of the abovenone of the above55Question 4Question 4The research of Hendrik Schon The research of Hendrik Schon resulted in _________________.resulted in _________________.a)a)a prolific rate of very useful a prolific rate of very useful publicationspublicationsb)b)grey googrey gooc)c)Mistakes that were satisfactorily Mistakes that were satisfactorily correctedcorrectedd)d)An independent investigationAn independent investigatione)e)Replicable data sets Replicable data sets66Question 5Question 5The idea that statements may be The idea that statements may be proven false by a single, contrary proven false by a single, contrary observation; whereas, statements can observation; whereas, statements can never be proven to be true is called never be proven to be true is called modus tollensmodus tollens or _________________. or _________________. a)a)bad sciencebad scienceb)b)good thinkinggood thinkingc)c)procedure of falsificationprocedure of falsificationd)d)Occam’s razorOccam’s razore)e)law of parsimonylaw of parsimony77Question 6Question 6Part of the scientific approach that can Part of the scientific approach that can be particularly important when be particularly important when findings have important implications findings have important implications (e.g., in the case of cold fusion) or (e.g., in the case of cold fusion) or directly contradict current directly contradict current conventional wisdom is called conventional wisdom is called _________________._________________.a)a)observationobservationb)b)duplicationduplicationc)c)falsificationfalsificationd)d)replicationreplicatione)e)remediationremediation88Question 7Question 7The word ‘science’ has two The word ‘science’ has two connotations, __________ and connotations, __________ and __________.__________.a)a)content; processcontent; processb)b)cause; effectcause; effectc)c)induction; deductioninduction; deductiond)d)inference; relationinference; relatione)e)formal; informalformal; informal99Question 8Question 8Which of the following groups is Which of the following groups is concerned with the ethics of human concerned with the ethics of human research studies?research studies?a)a)ILARILARb)b)AAALACAAALACc)c)IACUCIACUCd)d)IRBIRBe)e)All of the aboveAll of the above1010Question 9Question 9The following goal is included in the The following goal is included in the concept of “informed consent”:concept of “informed consent”:a)a)individuals must give their consent individuals must give their consent freelyfreelyb)b)individuals must be free to drop out of individuals must be free to drop out of the study at any timethe study at any timec)c)researchers must give subjects a full researchers must give subjects a full explanation of the proceduresexplanation of the proceduresd)d)researcher must make clear the researcher must make clear the potential risks and benefits of the studypotential risks and benefits of the studye)e)all of the aboveall of the above1111Question 10Question 10One advantage of laboratory experiments One advantage of laboratory experiments in comparison to other research methods in comparison to other research methods is the greater degree of control over the is the greater degree of control over the experimental situation. As a result, experimental situation. As a result, laboratory experiments typically have laboratory experiments typically have greater __________.greater __________.a)a)internal validityinternal validityb)b)external validityexternal validityc)c)realismrealismd)d)generalizationgeneralizatione)e)observationobservation1212Question 11Question 11A ___________________ study includes A ___________________ study includes a between-groups design that is an a between-groups design that is an alternative to the within-subject alternative to the within-subject design of longitudinal studies.design of longitudinal studies.a)a)ex post factoex post factob)b)pretest/posttestpretest/posttestc)c)path analysispath analysisd)d)crossed-lagged panelcrossed-lagged panele)e)cross-sectionalcross-sectional1313Question 12Question 12One of the first kinds of data we One of the first kinds of data we collect about others comes in the collect about others comes in the form of _________________.form of _________________.a)a)traits we assign to themtraits we assign to themb)b)random thoughtsrandom thoughtsc)c)projected characteristics that we projected characteristics that we possesspossessd)d)objective expectanciesobjective expectanciese)e)Preconceptual sciencePreconceptual science1414Question 13Question 13A field experiment may have a high A field experiment may have a high level of ______________.level of ______________.a)a)Imposition of