Team Structure in Climate Change ResearchAgendaIPCC Report Preparation ProcessMotivationAnalysis of the Entire IPCC ReportEntire NetworkCluster CoefficientsPower Law CheckTop 20 TableR.S.J.Tol NeighborhoodHow MIT RanksLongest PathDetails of Long PathAnalysis of IPCC Volumes3 VolumesHypothesis 1Hypothesis 1Hypothesis 1Hypothesis 2Hypothesis 2Hypothesis 2Hypothesis 2Lessons for International Research ProjectsLessonsJ.B.Smith NeighborhoodESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 1Team Structure in Climate Change ResearchTravis FranckRobert NicolJaemin SongESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 2Agenda• Introduction• Update from 2ndPresentation• Results of Network Analysis- Characteristics of entire network- Characteristics of individual volume• Lessons for international research projectsESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 3IPCC Report Preparation ProcessIPCC approves outlineGovernment and organizationsNominate expertsBureaux select authorsAuthors prepare draftExpert reviewAuthors prepare final draftGovernment review WG accepts/approves report and publish1990: IPCC First Assessment Report1995: IPCC First Assessment Report2001: IPCC First Assessment ReportImages removed for copyright reasons.Volumes of Climate Change 2001.ESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 4Motivation• Explore team collaborations on a global research effort to understand climate change• Identify relevant influence metrics• Use metrics to identify key players• Extract key relationships from citation Network• Test hypothesis of IPCC social network formationESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 5Analysis of the Entire IPCC ReportESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 6Entire Network•# of authors: 17901•# of edges: 71341•<k>: 3.98ESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 7Cluster CoefficientsCluster Coeff.(Pajek CC1)Biology(Newman, 2001)Physics(Newman, 2001)Result0.022191 0.0660.414•Not highly clustered•Lower clustering than other co-authorship studies•Note: Most likely different equations, so might not be directly comparableESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 8Power Law CheckDegree Distribution in Log-Log0.0010.010.111 10 100 1000<k>DensityDegree Distribution Fit•Possible reason: Restricted set of papersESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 9Top 20 TableAuthorCentrality Betweeness PhD Year Discipline Affiliation 1 Affiliation 2T.M.L.Wigley 0.02930 U of Adelaide 1967 Physics U of Waterloo U of East AngliaR.Leemans 0.01589 Uppsala University Ecology Wageningen U UK AEAC.Rosenzweig 0.01510 U of Massachusetts 1991 Environmental Science NASA RIVMJ.F.B.Mitchell 0.01465 Belfast 1973 Physics Hadley CentreJ.E.Penner 0.01402 Harvard 1977 Mathematics LLNL UCARI.C.Prentice 0.01373 Cambridge 1977 Environmental Science U of Bristol U of MichiganP.D.Jones 0.01132 U of Newcastle 1977 Environmental Science U of East AngliaM.E.Schlesinger 0.01089 UCLA 1976 Atmospheric Science U of Illinois U-CJ.A.Patz 0.01081 Case Western 1987 Molecular Biology Johns Hopkins IPCCM.Heimann 0.01068 U of Bern 1982 Biogeochemistry Max Planck InstitU of WisconsinF.S.Chapin 0.01035 Stanford 1973 Biology U of Alaska IPCCA.HendersonSeller0.00989 Atmospheric Science Honored with AusNASR.S.J.Tol 0.00882 Vrije 1997 Economics Energy EconomicANSTOM.Hulme 0.00855 U of Wales 1985 U of East Anglia Carnegie MellonS.H.Schneider 0.00787 Columbia 1971 Physics Stanford Tyndall CentreK.P.Shine 0.00770 Meteorology U of Reading MacArthurY.Zhang 0.00769 U of Washington 1996 Atmospheric Science IPCCG.Marland 0.00755 U of Minnesota 1972 Geology Indiana State U IPCCF.Giorgi 0.00749 Georgia Tech 1986 Physics NCAR Oak Ridge NationaW.H.Schlesinger 0.00706 Cornell 1976 Biology Duke ENER (Italy)S.Brown 0.00700 Biogeochemisty Hadley CentreM.Weber 0.00691 Technical U Muni UK AEAD.Rind 0.00638 Columbia 1976 GCM Earth Institute ColumbiaJ.B.Smith 0.00626 M.S. Public Policy 1982 Economics EPA Stratus ConsultingESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 10R.S.J.Tol NeighborhoodPhoto removed for copyright reasons.Photo of Dr. R.S.J. Tol.ESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 11How MIT RanksAuthorCentralityBetweeness Rank PhD Year Discipline Affiliation 1R.Prinn 0.00047097 875 MIT 1971Atmospheric SciencMITH.D.Jacoby 0.00032858 1196 Harvard 1967 Economics MITM.Grubb 0.00540247 39 Imperial College 1985* Economics U of Cambridge• Prof. Jacoby thought that MIT might not be represented b/c:• WGIII (vol 3) didn’t examine MIT’s models (more political).• MIT chooses not to be dragged into the fray.• Our models are used by others.ESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 12Longest Path• Longest Path• 19 edges • 20 authorsESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 13Details of Long PathAuthor Full Name Nationality PhD Field/Year Discipline Affiliation 11B.Aniansson Britt Aniansson Swedish* Negotiations Swedish Council for2U.Svedin Uno Svedin Swedish* Negotiations Swedish Council for3 C.Folke Carl Folke Swedish* Economics Royal Swedish Acad4 M.Gadgil Madhav Gadgil Indian Harvard Biology*/1969 Ecology Indian Institute of Sc5J.A.McNeely Jeffery McNeely US UCLA Anthropology/196X Biodiversity IUCN6W.V.Reid Walter Reid US U of Washinton Zoology/1987 Biodiversity Director of the Millen7J.Goldemberg Jose Goldemberg Brazilian U of Sao Paulo Physics Energy Instituto de Eletrotec8J.R.Moreira Jose R. Moreira Brazilian U of Sao Paulo Physics Instituto de Eletrotec9G.Marland U of Minnesota Geology/1972 Geology Indiana State Univer 10I.Fung Inez Fung MIT Meteorology/1977 Atmospheric Science UC Berkeley 11P.A.Matson Pamela A. Matson US* Oregon State Ecology/1983 Earth Science UC Berkeley 12W.H.Schlesinger Cornell Biology Duke 13S.A.Prior Stephen A. Prior US* Auburn Agronomy/1993 Earth Science National Soil Dynam 14B.A.Kimball Bruce A. Kimball US* Colorado State Ecology/1997 USDA 15 M.Johnson Mark Johnson US* Cornell Soil Chemistry/1986 Earth Science EPA 16 J.King John W. King US* U of Minnesota Geology/1983 Oceanography University of Rhode 17D.J.Noakes David L. G. NoakesCanadian* UC Berkeley Zoology/1971 Zoology University of Guelph 18V.V.Ivanov Vladimir Ivanov Russian* St. Petersberg Oceanography/1992 Oceanography University of Plymou 19A.P.Nagurnyi Andrei P. Nagurnyi Russian* (arctic fish/ocean) AARI 20P.A.Abaza (arctic fish/ocean)ESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 14Analysis of IPCC VolumesESD.342 Franck, Nicol, Song, 2006Page 153 VolumesV1: Scientific Basis – pure scienceV2: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability- science (50%) + policy & economics (50%)V3: Mitigation –