4. Sea Fog over the Yellow Sea5. The grazing of mesozooplankton on different phytoplankton species in the Jiaozhou Bay6. The effect of sewage discharge on the growth of algae in Qingdao8.The Subsurface Indian Ocean Dipole Mode3 Reference4 Requirement for student1. Ocean-Atmospheric Interaction in The Subtropical North Pacific and Its Effect On Climate VariationProf. Liu Qinyu, Physical Oceanography Lab. & Ocean-Atmosphere Interactionand Climate Lab., Ocean University of Qingdao, 5 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao266003, China Email: [email protected] atmospheric forcing to the ocean is the main external forcing to the low-frequencyvariability of the Subtropical North Pacific. The forcing is in the form of air-sea boundaryfluxes, i.e. momentum flux and buoyancy flux. Clear understanding of physical processes ofthe subtropical Pacific air-sea interaction and quantitatively description of the processes arepremise and basis for the study of the subtropical gyre. In the Subtropical North Pacific thetimescale of the atmospheric variability is short, however, the spatial variability of SST islarge. This means rapid-change atmosphere above very non-uniform SST such as theKuroshio and subtropical fronts. Hence, the air-sea interaction in the subtropical ocean isdifferent from that in the tropical. Though the possibility of the existence of air-seainteraction in the mid latitude was suggested long time ago (Namias1974), the relativelysmall evaporation, large mixed layer depth and large Coriolis effect in the extra tropics andITCZ in the North Pacific result in different character of wind-evaporation-SST feedback inthe subtropical and tropical North Pacific Ocean. Bjerknes(1962) suggested that the air-seainteraction in the mid latitude is single direction, i.e., the atmosphere forcing the ocean andno strong feedback of SST anomaly on the atmosphere. The issue on the air-sea interaction inthe mid latitude has been disputed. For a long time, the progresses on studying the subtropicalair-sea interaction were very slowly. The subject has gained attention again since the PacificDecadal Oscillation (PDO) was found, and the northern part of subtropical gyre (40ºN,170ºW) is one of the PDO centers. Recently, we revealed that the air-sea interaction by wind-evaporation-SST feedback sustains the influence of the Hawaiian Islands topography on theatmosphere and ocean over a long stretch to the west of the islands (Xie. S. P. et al. 2001).However, the study was limited to the ocean west of the Hawaiian Islands. The knowledge oftemporal and spatial distribution of momentum flux and buoyancy flux and wind-evaporation-SST feedback in the whole subtropical ocean is very less.In this project, we are going to analysis dominant physical processes and climate effects ofthe ocean-atmosphere interactions in subtropical North Pacific based on the observation dataand numerical model. To study the follows topics: Mechanism of wind-evaporation-SSTfeedback near the temperature front in the subtropical; Character and mechanism of air-seainteraction near the Kuroshio extension; Interannual and interdecadal variability of air-seaflux in the North Pacific and its effect on the Globe climateReferences:Bjerknes, J., 1962:Synoptic survey of the interaction between sea and atmosphere in theNorth Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 8, 3067-3083Namias, J., 1974, Longevity of a coupled air-sea-continet system. Mom. Wea. Rev, 102, 638-648.Xie S.P., W ． T. Liu, Q. Liu, and M. Nonaka, 2001,Far-Reaching Effects of the HawaiianIslands on the Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere System SCIENCE ． Vol.292, (No.5524), 2057-20602. MM5 Simulations of the 1 August 2001 Extratropical Cycloneaccompanied with Heavy Precipitation over Shandong Peninsula. Dr. Gao Shanhong, Professor Wu Zengmao, Institute of Physical Oceanography, OceanUniversity of Qingdao, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.Email: [email protected], [email protected] considerable part of tropic cyclones can transform to extra tropical cyclones undercertain weather conditions after they move northward to mid-latitude ocean area. Tropiccyclones generated in the Northwestern Pacific have two main areas to transform to extratropical cyclones. One area is Japan Sea, and the other is the ocean area along the coast of theeastern China. In the latter the 1 August 2001 extra tropical cyclone suddenly developed froma low pressure left by Typhoon Taraji, which produced heavy precipitation and resulted incentennially flooding. NCAR-PSU mesoscale model MM5 was applied to study why theextra tropical cyclone developed so rapidly and the rainfall amount was so large. A series ofMM5 simulations (including two control experiments and several sensitivity experiments)were completed. The evolution of the extra tropical cyclone and its heavy precipitation wassuccessfully modeled by control experiments, and sensitivity experiments indicated thatlatent heat release played a very important role, and that plentiful moisture and high seasurface temperature were the two key factors contributed to the development of the extratropical cyclone and its accompanying heavy precipitation over Shandong Peninsula.3. THE VARIABILITY OF PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL CELLSAND ENSODr. Wang Q I, Professor, Department of Marine Meteorology, Ocean University ofQingdao, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Chinaemail: [email protected] Recently the subtropical cells (STCs), especially Pacific STCs, have received significantlyattention, because they are considered to play an important role in climate variability. STCscycle water subducted in the subtropics to equator, where it up wells and flows back poleward at surface, exchanging heat and freshwater with the atmosphere. Apparently STCs act asa mechanism for transferring mass, heat, salt and tracers between the subtropical andequatorial gyres. Model results suggest STCs play a potential role in modulating climatethrough equatorial SST either by advecting water subducted with anomalous temperatureand/or salinity in the subtropics to the equator where it up wells, or by varying the amount ofsubtropical water adverted to the equator which may in turn modulate processes such asENSO that control equatorial SST. At present, the “mean” pathways of the Pacific STC arefairly